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42 4 Vol. 42， No. 4 2016 4 ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA April， 2016 ， ， ， . ， . ， ， ， ， ， . ， ， ， ， ， . . ， 2016， （4）: 481494 10.16383/j.aas.2016.c160158 YUAN Yong， WANG Fei-Yue， Blockchain is an emerging decentralized architecture and distributed computing paradigm underlying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies， and has recently attracted intensive attention from governments， financial institutions， high- tech enterprises， and the capital markets. Blockchain s key advantages include decentralization， time-series data， collective maintenance， programmability and security， and thus is particularly suitable for constructing a programmable monetary system， financial system， and even the macroscopic societal system. In this paper， we proposed a basic model of the blockchain system， discussed the principles， technologies， methods and applications of blockchain and the related Bitcoin systems. We also discussed the smart contract and its applications， and presented the future trends of blockchain-enabled paralleled societies. This paper is aimed at providing helpful guidance and reference for future research efforts. Blockchain， Bitcoin， consensus mechanism， smart contract， paralleled society Yuan Yong， Wang Fei-Yue. Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends. ， 2016， （4）: 481494 ， . / ， ， ， ［1］ . ， ， ， . . ，