2014年-2015年正常人体结构课件(案例、情景、模拟教学).pptVIP

（四）　桡骨radius 上端 Upper end: 桡骨头 head of radius, 桡骨颈 neck of radius, 桡骨粗隆radial tuberosity, 和环状关节面articular circumference 骨干 Shaft：骨间缘 interosseous border 下端 Lower end: 茎突styloid process, 尺切迹 ulnar notch, 和腕关节面carpal articular surface （五）　尺骨 ulna 上端 Upper end: 鹰嘴 olecranon 冠突 coronoid process 滑车切迹 trochlear notch 桡切迹 radial notch 尺骨粗隆 ulnar tubersity 骨干 Shaft：骨间缘 interosseous border 下端 Lower end 尺骨茎突 styloid process 尺骨头 head of ulna （六）　手骨 腕骨 Carpal bones 掌骨 Metacarpal bones 指骨 Phalanges of fingers 上肢骨的连结 Joints of upper limb 组成 Composition: 上肢带连结 胸锁关节 sternoclavicular joint 肩锁关节 acromioclavicular joint 喙肩韧带 coracoacromial ligament 自由上肢骨连结 肩关节 shoulder joint 肘关节 elbow joint 手关节 joints of hand （一）　胸锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 上肢骨和躯干骨间连结的唯一关节 组成 Composition : 锁骨的胸骨端与胸骨的锁切迹及第一肋软骨的上面构成。 sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage 结构特点： 1. 关节囊坚韧并有韧带加强。 2. 囊内有关节 盘 Articular capsule: strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments articular disc 运动： 允许锁骨的外侧端向前、向后、向上、向下运动，及旋转和环状。 Movements: elevation and depression, forward and backward, rotation and circumduction of the acromial end of the clavicle （二）　肩锁关节Acromioclavicular joint 组成 Composition : 锁骨的肩峰端与肩峰的关节面 acromion and acromial end of clavicle 运动Movement: 关节活动度小 rotation of scapula on clavicle （三）　喙肩弓 Coracoacromial arch 组成 Composition : 喙突、肩峰和喙肩韧带共同构成。 formed by coracoacromial ligament， coranoid process, and acromion 作用 Function: 有防止肩关节向上脱位的作用。 that prevents the shoulder joint from superior dislocation ★ （四）　 Shoulder joint 肩关节 ——典型的多轴球窝关节 组成 Composition : 肱骨头、肩胛骨的关节盂 head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula 结构特点: 1. 关节囊 薄而松弛，尤其是下部。