高分辨率被动毫米波天线阵列研究-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

华 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 本论文是国家自然科学基金资助项目“无源毫米波高分辨率成像理论与关键技 术研究”天线阵列设计部分的研究内容。 为得到密集均匀的多波束，常规的被动毫米波焦平面阵列(MFPA)中馈源天线尺 寸必须非常小，而通常天线尺寸越小，其波束越宽，相邻馈源的波束必然会有交叉 区域，对于非相干测量来说，此交叉区域的信息会造成图像质量恶化。然而，如果 对交叉区域的信息进行相关处理，反演出新的像点的亮温信息，则可增加成像分辨 率。相关学者已对结合非相干探测技术与相干探测技术的成像方法进行了研究，基 于此背景，本文将研究融合干涉测量的焦平面阵列设计方法，以便进一步提高系统 的成像分辨率。 论文首先全面介绍了多波束天线国内外的发展现状，然后详细分析了焦平面中 多波束天线的馈源偏焦特性及其对波束偏转的影响。在此基础上对毫米波焦平面阵 列相邻馈源信号相关性进行了理论研究，提出了一种适合干涉测量的焦平面馈源间 距确定方法。最后，论文给出了融合干涉测量的焦平面阵列天线的系统设计，包括 确定反射面天线结构、选取馈源形式、优化馈源排列方式等。实验证明，较之于常 规焦平面的馈源排列，该方法使得干涉测量技术能更好的应用于被动毫米波焦平面 成像，为融合干涉测量的被动毫米波焦平面成像技术的发展提供理论支持。 关键词：被动毫米波成像，干涉测量，焦平面，阵列设计，多波束天线 II II Abstract The multi-beam antenna is an important part of the project “Research on Theory and Technology for High Resolution Passive Millimeter-wave Imaging ”, which supported by The Nature Science Foundation of China. Conventional Passive Millimeter-wave Focal Plane Array(FPA) needs small feeds for gaining dense and uniformitarian beam.The beam width inverse proportional to the structure of the feed, therefore there would exist overlap between the beams of adjacent feeds,which shall deteriorate the quality of imaging. However,interferometric measurements for the overlap between the beams of adjacent feeds can generate more image pixels than the conventional focal plane imaging. Combining coherent technology with incoherent technology have been researched by some academicians. Under this background,this dissertation introduce a new design focal plane array method combining coherent technology in order to further enhance the resolution. This dissertation first represent state-of-the-art of multi-beam antenna. Then influences of lateral offset-focus on the antenna beam are presented. After that,by analysing correlation between the beams of adjacent feeds in passive millimeter-wave PFA,a method is proposed to confirming the distance between feeds, which applys for the interferometric measurement technique. Through experiment we can show the method is more effective than