高强多孔UHMWPE纤维成型工艺与结构性能研究-材料加工工程专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 摘要 件拉伸的萃取后纤维的孔隙率可达 60-70 %。 4. 采用不同应变速率、拉伸比和拉伸温度拉伸萃取后纤维。应变速率在 0.1-2 s-1 之间，随应变速率增大，分子链沿纤维轴向取向，纤维强度和模量迅速增大； 应变速率在 2-10 s-1 之间，片晶发生破碎再结晶，纤维强度增大趋势变缓，模量 稍有下降，纤维孔隙率降低。随拉伸比增大，分子链趋于紧密排列，部分折叠 链片晶向伸直链晶转变，纤维强度和模量近线性增大，孔隙率先增大后几乎不 变。随拉伸温度升高，片晶熔融显著，纤维强度和模量均降低，孔隙率也降低。 SEM 结果显示纤维表面为串晶结构，片晶之间分布孔洞，芯层为纤维状多孔网 络。实验结果表明，制备高强多孔 UHMWPE 纤维的最佳拉伸成型工艺为：一级 拉伸应变速率为 1 s-1，拉伸比为 10，拉伸温度为 110 ℃；二级拉伸应变速率为 1 s-1，拉伸比为 3，拉伸温度为 100 ℃，对应纤维的拉伸强度为 1.63 GPa，模量 为 10.5 GPa，孔隙率为 47.7 %。 关键词：超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 多孔结构 强度 串晶 拉伸 II Abstract Abstract Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber possesses various excellent properties and has been widely applied in many fields, which is always prepared via “gel spinning and ultra hot-drawing” method. It is worth noting that large amount of voids can be produced when UHMWPE is subjected to gel spinning, extraction and drying process. If the voids can be survived on the premise that fiber possesses high strength, a potential functional material with high adsorptivity and strength may be born which can be applied in harsh or corrosive environment, such as acting as adsorbent adsorbing uranium from seawater, adsorbing and filtrating heavy metals in rivers and leaking oil in sea. Therefore, successful preparation of high strength and porous UHMWPE fibers is expected to take a new step in the development of new energy and managing the environment pollution. In this paper, we innovate the drawing process, on the basis of preparing UHMWPE gel-spun fibers via gel spinning, which is first-stage drawing, extraction, drying and second-stage drawing process. Two routes are divided to prepare porous fibers with high strength and high specific surface area by first-stage cold-drawing and hot-drawing, respectively. Then extracting and drying fibers with constant length followed by second-stage hot-drawing. The tensile test, small-angle X ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and filling fibers with dimethylbenzene are used to analyze the strain rate (SR)