Au93Pt7合金纳米线的合成及其对乙醇电催化氧化-物理学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

硕士学位论文摘 硕士学位论文 摘 要 在有机小分子为燃料的燃料电池中，Pt是不可缺少的阳极电催化剂。然而， 在催化氧化有机小分子的过程中，Pt催化剂极易吸附有机小分子氧化产生的中间 体产物(如：CO)，从而被毒化，导致其催化活性的衰减。因此，发展基于Pt金 属的合金催化剂不仅可以提高催化剂的活性和长期稳定性，而且能够减少Pt的用 量，降低催化剂的成本，实现经济的可持续发展。本论文采用湿化学法，一步合 成超长的Au93Pt7合金纳米线，研究了其生长机理以及对乙醇的电催化氧化特性。 具体研究内容如下： 1．在常温下，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)平I]聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)双表 面活性剂为稳定剂，抗坏血酸(AA)为还原剂，氯铂酸和氯金酸为前驱体，一步合 成Au93Pt7纳米线。并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)，扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)， x射线衍射(XRD)，X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段对纳米线结构进行表征。 2．通过对纳米线实时形貌的表征以及对两种表面活性剂和两种金属前驱体浓 度比的调控来观察它们对纳米线形貌的影响，进一步研究了纳米线的生长机理， 结果表明纳米线形成遵循纳米粒子问非定向线性结合机理 3．采用碱性条件下的乙醇溶液为目标分子，探究了Au93Pt7合金纳米线电催化 性能。研究结果表明：Au93Pt7合金纳米线催化剂的质量活度是商业Pt／C的12倍， 并且稳定性也远高于商业Pt／C，这可能归因于双金属问的协同效应。 关键词：AuPt合金；纳米线；聚结生长；乙醇；电催化 万方数据 A“93Pt7纳米线合成及其对乙醇电催化氧化Abstract A“93Pt7纳米线合成及其对乙醇电催化氧化 Abstract For small organic molecules fuel cells，platinum is the indispensable anode electrocatalyst．However，the surface of Pt is usually heavily poisoned by the strong adsorption of intermediates(for example·CO)produced during the oxidation of organic fuels，resulting in the lowering of catalytic performance．Alloying Pt with other affordable metals can reduce or eliminate the usage of Pt and increasing the resistance and long—term stability to poisoning，SO．as to realize economic sustainable development．Bimetallic alloy Au93Pt7 alloy nanowires were synthesized by a facile one—step wet chemical strategy and studied the electrocatalytic performance towards ethan01．The contents are shown as below： 1．Ultralong Au93Pt7 nanowires were synthesized directly at the room temperatures， by mixing HAuCl4 and H2PtCl6 in fin aqueous solution and using PVP and CTAB as dual stabilizers and ascorbic acid as a reductant．The morphologies，the surface structure of the nanowires were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy,X—ray diffraction，X—ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy． 2．The growth mechanism of the nanowires was studied by monitoring the real time morphologies and adj usting the PVP：CTAB and the HAuCl4：H2PtCl6 molar ratios． The