细胞生物学-第10章-细胞骨架(翟中与第四版).pptVIP

秋水仙素;用低浓度的秋水仙素处理细胞，可立即破坏细胞内的微管或纺锤体的结构。秋水仙素可以与微管蛋白亚基结合，而当结合秋水仙素的微管蛋白亚基组装到微管末端后，其他的微管蛋白亚基就很难再在该处进行组装，但秋水仙素在微管末端的结合并不影响该微管的去组装，从而导致细胞内微管网络的解体。 诺考达唑:可以导致微管结构的解体 紫杉醇:紫杉醇的作用与秋水仙素相反，当紫杉醇与微管结合后可以阻止微管的去组装，但不影响微管末端的组装。结果是微管不停地组装，而不会解聚，其结果同样使细胞周期的运行被终止。 * * MTOC可以控制微管在哪产生，它的极性、数量，什么时候产生等。什么样的结构可以作为MTOC存在？中心体。纺锤体。树突。鞭毛纤毛基体 * 由一对相互垂直的圆柱状（桶状）中心粒及周围无定形的电子致密的基质（PCM）组成，是微管组织中心。 中心粒是一个直径0.2 μm，长0.4 μm 的桶状结构。每个中心粒含有9 组等间距的三联体微管。 * The transition zone (parts 5–8) converts the triplet microtubular structure of the basal body into the axonemal doublet structure. Proximal transition fibres (parts 4 and 5) connect each microtubule doublet (without dynein arms) to the membrane and mark the compartment border at which IFT proteins accumulate. The distal part contains stellate fibre arrays (parts 6 and 8) and an amorphous disk structure (part 7) and gives rise to the central microtubules in 9+2 axonemes121, 122. The transition zone might contain a gate that controls access to the ciliary compartment. The basal body (parts 1–4) of each cilium is a specialized centriole (9 3 microtubular structure; the tubules of one triplet are depicted as A, B and C in part 3) embedded in pericentriolar material (dark orange) with a proximal amorphous disc (part 1), a cartwheel structure (part 2), a middle piece that lacks appendages (part 3) and transition fibres at the distal end (part 4). In most quiescent cells, the centrioles move to the apical plasma membrane and the mother centriole functions as the microtubule-organizing centre to nucleate the axonemal microtubules. The daughter centriole remains perpendicular to the mother centriole. In multiciliated cells, centriolar replication is required first. * EB1 (green) is found at the plus ends of microtubules in fly tissue culture cells, and its promotion of microtubule dynamics is required for proper assembly, dynamics, and positioning of the spindle. * * * * * * 细胞质动力蛋白沿细胞质微管转运货物，由一个相对分子质量接近1.5×106 的巨大蛋白复合物组成，含多个多肽亚单位,两条具有ATP 酶活性的使其沿微管移动的重链、两条中间链 、四