基于GIS的城市防灾减灾决策系统研究-大地测量学与测量工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 随着我国经济的快速发展，城市化速度明显加快，城市的规模越来越大。作为人 们生产生活的集聚地，城市所面临的灾害威胁也越来越大，但是我国的大部分城市在 防灾减灾方面还存在很多不足，如何提高城市的防灾减灾水平逐渐成为当前政府和群 众普遍关注的问题，关于城市的防灾减灾工作的研究也就显得尤为迫切。将最新的科 学技术手段应用于城市防灾减灾的研究工作中是研究人员正努力实现的目标，GIS 作 为一种新的技术，已经逐渐应用到许多的行业中，比如：交通、国土资源管理、环境 监测等，同样 GIS 技术也逐渐在城市防灾减灾工作中崭露头角。 本文针对城市灾害的特点，以淄博市为对象，研究了基于 GIS 技术的城市防灾减 灾决策系统，完成了系统的需求分析、功能模块设计、数据库设计和软硬件设计，探 讨并建立了火灾、爆炸和化学物质泄漏等事故的灾害数学模型。重点研究了基于路段 权重的迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法在最短路径搜索中的应用，并对该算法进行了改进。 结合淄博市的实际情况，以 Dreamweaver 为开发平台，以 JavaScript 为开发语言，设 计开发了淄博市基于 GIS 的城市防灾减灾决策系统。该系统是一个以信息查询管理、 灾害分析、救灾决策为内容的综合系统，实现了直观、实时、快速的灾害监控分析与 救灾指挥决策，为城市的安全工作提供保障。 关键词：灾害；防灾减灾；GIS；灾害模拟；应急救援；决策支持 I Abstract With the rapid development of economy over China, urbanization has been accelerated apparently and the urban size is growing. City, as the aggregation districts of peoples living and production, is facing the increasing threat of disaster. But in the majority of our city, there are still many shortcomings in disaster prevention and mitigation,How to improve the level of city disaster prevention and reduction have gradually become the widespread concerning problems of government and people. It’s also urgent for the study work of disaster prevention and reduction. The researchers are trying their best to achieve the aims applying the latest science and technology means to city disaster prevention and reduction. GIS, as a new technology, has been gradually applied to many industries, such as transportation, land and resources management, environmental monitoring and so on. At the same time, GIS technology also gradually is applied in the city disaster prevention and reduction. In this paper,For the characteristics of urban disasters taking Zibo city as an example,based on GIS technology,we research the urban disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making system, and a system requirement analysis completed, also the functional modular, database and hardware and software were designed,explored and established the model of the fire emergency