Contrastive Analysis语言学中对比分析.pptVIP

Contrastive Analysis;Outline;Definition ;kinds;Kinds ;Kinds ;kinds;Kinds ;Theoretical bases; Basis assumptions ;Two types of transfer;Procedures of conducting CA;Differences between Chinese and English:;Similarities in Chinese and English:;;Corpus-based data/ Introspective data;What do we contrast or compare?;Contrastive analysis on lexical level;Contrastive Analysis on Syntactic Level;Take pro-drop and non-pro-drop as an example, ? Question: [ ] 开门了吗？ Answer: [ ] 开了 [ ]。 发现了错误，一定要改正。 ? Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered. 看树看果实，看人看作为。 A tree is known by its fruit, and a man is known by his action.;Since English is a sort of analytical and grammatical language, it is more strict, stringent and definite even in agentless passive sentences. However, Chinese is quite different from English. It is vague, and depends heavily on context and semantics rather than on grammar. Since Chinese has no morphology, it is necessary for English learners of L2 Chinese to have the knowledge of pragmatics when understanding Chinese grammar. Otherwise, it will cause ambiguity or misunderstanding in meaning.;Contrastive Analysis on Macroscopic Level;Example:In summary, there are two differences in the component of connection in English discourse and Chinese discourse：one is visible and invisible connection, and the other is the way of making pauses in sentences（断句）. There were few earthly things more beautiful than a university, said Masefield. He did not refer to spires and towers, campus greens and ivied walls. He admired the splendid beauty of the university, because it was a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to learn, and those who know the truth may strive to make others see. 世间没有什么事物比大学更美好的，梅斯菲尔德写道。他不是指高耸的塔尖、巍峨的高楼，也不是指绿树成荫的校园和爬满了常春藤的围墙。他赞美大学辉煌的美是因为那是痛恨愚昧的人孜孜求知之所，领悟真理的人诲人不倦之处。;Generally, English and Chinese appear to have the logical characteristics of direct structure and spiral structure respectively. This is because English focuses