标准成本差异分析.pdf

Standard Costing and Variance Analysis Standard Costing OBJECTIVE 1: Define standard costs, and explain how standard costs are developed, and compute a standard unit cost. Standard Costing • Standard costs: realistic estimates of cost based on analyses of both past and projected operating costs and conditions. Standard Costing • The three components of standard costing: – Standard costs, which provide a standard, or predetermined, performance level – AA measure off actuall perfformance – A measure of the variance between standard and actual performance Standard Costing • How standard costing differs from actual costing and normal costing. – Standard costing uses estimated costs excllusiivelly tto computte allll ththree ellementts off product costs: direct materials, direct labor, and overhead. Standard Costing • How managers use standard costs for planning and control in the management process: – Planning—For budget development; product costing, pricing, and distribution – Performing—For measurement of expenditures and control of costs as they occur Standard Costing • How managers use standard costs for planning and control in the management process: (cont.) – Evaluating—For variance analysis – Communicating—For variance reports Standard Costing • The primary difference between standard costing in a service organization and standard costing in a manufacturing organiizatition iis ththatt a serviice organiizatition has no direct materials costs. Standard Costing • In a standard costing system, costs are entered into the Materials, Work in Process, and Finished Goods Inventory accounts and ththe CCostt off GGoodds SSoldld accountt att sttanddardd cost;