基于CDEGS对多辅助电流极法测量地网接地电阻的研究-高电压与绝缘技术专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 接地是维护电力系统安全可靠运行、保障运行人员和电气设备安全的根本保证和 重要措施。接地电阻值是衡量接地系统的有效性、安全性以及鉴定接地系统是否符合 规程要求的重要指标。因此，准确的测量出接地电阻值是非常重要的。 目前我国电力部门常用接地电阻测量方法是三极法，但是为了提高地网接地电阻 的测量精度，三极法要把电流极布置在离接地网很远的地方，由于地形地貌等原因某 些地网尤其是大型地网无法达到电流极布置离接地网很远处的要求，若把电流极布置 在离接地网较近的地方，则会使地面电位畸变的很大，因此也使地网地电阻测量的误 差增大。鉴于三极法中存在的问题，前人提出了用多辅助电流极法（简称多极法）测 量地网接地电阻，即在接地网周围布置多个辅助电流极。 本文对三极法和多极法测量接地电阻的原理进行了详细的介绍，并 首次从理论上 对多极法和三极法的地面电位分布进行了推导比较。对四极法、五极法、六极法的零 位点及其补偿点的位置及 n 个辅助电流极时零位点和补偿点的通式进行了推导。 为了进一步研究多极法和三极法测量地网接地电阻的差异，本文应用国际著名接 地计算软件 CDEGS，分别对三极法、四极法、五极法和六极法测量地网接地电阻进 行模拟仿真，把仿真出的地面电位和接地电阻值与真实值进行比较分析。仿真结果表 明，在电流极与接地网中心距离相同时，多极法的地面电位分布比三极法更接近真实 的地面电位分布，并且多极法测量地网接地电阻的误差比三极法要小。尤其是在电流 极与接地网中心的距离较近时，三极法的测量误差会很大，而多极法却仍有较高的精 度。 关键词：接地网 接地电阻 三极法 多极法 CDEGS II II Abstract Grounding is a fundamental gurantee and crucial measure to the reliable operation of power system, the safety of electrical equipment and operating personnel. The value of grounding resistance is a very important parameter indicating the validity and safety of grounding system. Thus, it is very vital to measure the value of the grounding resistance accurately. Nowadays, three-electrode method is mainly used by State Grid of China. However, the current electrode must be located far from the grounding system using the three- electrode method in order to improve the accuracy of measuring the grounding resistance. Sometimes, the distance from the current electrode to the grounding system can’t be set long enough because of the topography, which results in that the distribution of the electrical field on the surface of the earth changes a lot and leads to error increase of measuring the grounding resistance. Due to the exsiting problem mentioned above, the predecessor proposes the multi-electrode method to measure the grounding resistance. The multi-electrode method which means that there are several current electrodes around the grounding system, makes the distribution of the electrical field close to true value. The details of the three-electrode method are introduced,