教师专业化视野下的教师实践智慧探究-教育学原理专业论文.docxVIP

教师专业化视野下的教师实践智慧探究 摘 要 当前，“教师专业化”已经成为世界各国教师教育研究的主题和趋向。我 国教师专业化研究的中心不是“教师职业是不是专业性职业”的问题，而是 “如何使教师职业的从业人员具备并在执业过程中充分彰显教师职业应有的 专业性特点”的问题。而教师实践智慧则是教师职业专业性特点的具体表现。 论文共分为三个部分。 第一部分探讨教师实践智慧的基本内涵及主要特征与表现。教师实践智 慧是指教师能够以其深厚的学术修养和丰富的专业精神为前提，发挥其独立、 超然与自信的特质，根据学生身心发展的特点，合理地处理教学进程中各种 问题的能力。具有知识性、主体性、情感性、独特性、默会性和动态性等基 本特征。主要表现为教师对专业能力的追求和在教学实践中体现出来的教学 机智。 第二部分着重分析教师实践智慧在生成过程中的制约因素。在制度方面 上有：师范教育专业课程设置比例失调；师范生教育实习制度存在缺陷；教 师评价制度以奖惩为目的；学校管理制度禁锢教师创造力。教师个体方面有： 教师自主学习意识淡薄阻碍了实践智慧的生成；教师个体落后的教学方式制 约了实践智慧的生成。教学环境方面有：以应试为目的的教学功利化取向， 窒息了教师实践智慧；指令性课程范式弱化了教师的实践智慧；教师专业自 主权的缺失抑制了实践智慧的生成。 第三部分论述了教师实践智慧生成的基本路径。教师教育一体化是教师 实践智慧生成的前提；实践反思是教师实践智慧生成的关键；发展性教师评 价制度的健全是教师实践智慧生成的保证；创建合作型教师群体文化是教师 实践智慧生成的基础。 关键词：教师专业化 实践智慧 教学机智 教学反思 The study of teachers’ practice wisdom under the horizon of professionalized teachers Abstract ‘Professionalized Teacher’, presently, has become the subject and tendency of the research made by the teachers all over the world. The centre of the research of Professionalized Teacher in China is not the problem of ‘whether teaching career is professional career or not’, but the problem of ‘how to make teachers be more professional’. Actually, teachers’ practice wisdom embodies the professional characteristics of teaching career. In this dissertation, three parts are covered. Part I, the basic meaning, main characteristics and manifestation of teachers’ practice wisdom. This term refers to the ability of teachers, with which teachers can solving various problems properly. Meanwhile, they should be learned, professional, independent, outstanding and confident, and should rely on the features of the students. This term also consists of the basic characters of knowledge, principle part, emotion, uniqueness, and so on. It mainly manifests the teaching wisdom represented in the process of teaching and pursuing of successful career. Part II, the factors that limit the development of teachers’ practice wisdom. Systematically, the curriculum of normal education has lost the balance in proport