金花梨变异单系生物学特性调查比较及RAPD多态性分析-果树学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要本研究以12个金花梨变异单系为材料，并以金花梨为对照，通过田间 摘要 本研究以12个金花梨变异单系为材料，并以金花梨为对照，通过田间 调查、果实品质分析，初步筛选出了综合性状表现优良的变异单系。并以 金花梨18个变异单系的嫩芽为试材提取DNA，对其进行了RAPD分析。 结果表明： (1)金花梨在大面积推广栽培过程中发生了遗传变异，供试单系在树体 基本性状、物候期、坐果、单株产量、果实品质、叶片光合效能和抗性等 方面均表现出一定的差异，部分变异单系个别性状或综合性状优于金花梨。 通过鉴定分析，综合性状表现较好的变异单系是J4、J10、J13、J1。。 (2)经金花梨基因组DNA提取方法研究表明，磨样时在鲜样中添加 0．109／g的Vc而进行改良的CTAB法是提取梨DNA的最佳方法，嫩芽是最 佳提取材料，其次是新梢和成熟叶片。 (3)通过金花梨18个变异单系的RAPD分析表明，当遗传相似系数为 O。85时，可将金花梨及其18个变异单系分为五大类：即Jl、J2、J。、J5、J黔 J6、J16为第一大类；J9、J13、J17、J15、J18、J14为第二大类：J3、CK、J8为 第三大类；J”J。：为第四大类：J。为第五大类。说明金花梨各变异单系在 遗传物质上发生了变异。 本研究还对18个变异单系的生物学特性、果实品质、DNA提取方法 和RAPD分析的有关问题进行了探讨。 关键词：金花梨：变异单系；生物学特性；DNA提取：RAPD分析 Research Research on the Characteristics of Variation Strains for Jin—hua Pear and Analysis of the Diversity of RAPD Liu zun-chun (Forestry and Horticulture College，Sichuan Agriculture University,Ya’an，Siehuan，China，625014) ABSTRACT Applying Jinhua Pear(Pyrus Bretschneiri Rehd．)and its twelve varied strains as testing materials，several fairly good strains of synthetical properties were screened out of the others through the investigation of biological characteristics and the analysis of fruits quality． On the base of these，using the bourgeon of Jinhua Pear and its eighteen varied strains， genome DNA Was abstracted，and polymorphic of RAPD was also studied．The results show： (1)Some genetic variation occurred in the course of spreeding and cultivating of Jinhua Pear，In all varied strains，there were some divergences in elemental character of tree， phenology period，fruit seRing case，drops case，quality of fruit，photosynthetic efficiency of leaf．resistivity of leaf,and so on，and the exceptional or synthetical properties of some varied strains were better than Jinhua Pear’S．By identifying and analyzing，four varied strains whose synthetical properties were better were J4、J10、Jis、Ji4． (2)The research into ways ofextraction ofgenomic DNAofJinhua pear indicated that improved CTAB was the best way tO extract genomic DNA of pears，with the dose of 0．1 09／g of Vc add