城市昆虫学课件5.ppt

Life cycle Soft ticks have a number of nymphal instars(3 or more), The female lay eggs a few times. Hard ticks only lay eggs once. Ecology Hard ticks: suck in day feed on the host for a few days resting sites: forest, woods, grassland, pasturage Soft ticks: suck at night feed on the host from minutes to one hour resting sites: locate at the host’s nests and hovel. Harm to humans Transmission of diseases Tick-borne encephalitis/forest encephalitis (森林脑炎) Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever (新疆出血热) Tick-borne relapsing fever (蜱传回归热) Lyme disease(莱姆病) Q fever and tick-borne typhus(蜱传斑疹伤寒) Control Environmental management: clean the stalls(畜栏) of livestock, house and deal with mouse holes, etc. Chemical measure: acaricides Personal protection: protect body away from ticks. Trombiculid mite (恙螨) Egg Deutovum (前幼虫) Larva Nymphochrysalis (若蛹) Nymph Imagochrysalis (成蛹) Adult Life cycle Ecology All chiggers(larvae) are parasitic. Low host specificity. Harm to humans Leptotrombidium deliensis (地里纤恙螨) main vector in the south areas Leptotrombidium scutellare (小板纤恙螨) main vector in North China. Chigger dermatitis Scab： (焦痂) Result from a reaction of the host to the salivary secretion of mites. The inflammatory response gives rise to the raised, reddened wheal with a depressed center characteristic of chigger bite. 6.东方蟑螂 (Blatta orientalis, 即东方蜚蠊) 体卵圆形，黑色或深棕色，有光泽，体长25～30毫米。生活史似美国蟑螂、雄体的翅短而发育良好，而雌体的翅退化。原产於亚洲，后随商人的交通工具分布到所有的温带地区。 雌 雄 五、虫情调查与防治 一）虫情调查 广口瓶诱捕法 定时定点观察法 粘捕法 粪点计数法 药激法 用0.2%二氯苯醚菊酯酒精剂喷洒蟑螂可能栖息场所，5～10min后观察计数被驱赶出的蜚蠊，以此确定侵害率（％） 询问法 二）季节消长调查 定点：密度高，人常住，早晚人都在 定时：越冬结束后，2次/月 调查方法：广口瓶法、粘虫法 记录与鉴定 注意事项 三）防治方法 环境治理是根本，化学防治最有效，家居做到“三不”； 环境治理 收藏好食品，和处理食物残渣 保持环境的整洁，及时处理垃圾、杂物、清扫卫生死角 堵洞抹缝，清除藏匿场所 物理防治：诱捕、烫杀、冻死、吸捕、电杀 化学防治： 滞留喷洒 缓释剂 毒饵 第七节 蚂蚁 蚂蚁是一种有社会性的生活习性的昆虫，属于膜翅目，蚂蚁的触角明显的膝状弯曲，腹部有一、二节呈结节状，一般都没有翅膀，只有雄蚁和没有生育的雌蚁在交配时有翅膀，雌蚁交配后翅膀即脱落。蚂蚁是完全变态型的昆虫，要经过卵、幼虫、蛹阶段才发展成成虫，蚂蚁的幼虫