美国口述历史伦理审查机制对我国口述历史工作的启示-Evergreen.DOC

PAGE PAGE 1 美国口述历史伦理审查机制对我国的启示 冯云 （中山大学资讯管理学院 广东广州 510006；西藏民族学院图书馆 陕西 咸阳 712082） 摘 要：口述历史实践始终贯穿来着来自伦理的考量，口述历史较为发达的美国现已形成一套较为完善的伦理审查机制。针对我国目前存在着口述历史实际操作中的道德失范、缺乏健全的口述历史伦理审查机制的问题，通过介绍美国伦理审查机制，以期对构建适合中国国情的口述历史伦理审查机制有所启发。文章对美国口述历史协会行业法规、伦理审查委员会以及知识共享组织等进行了介绍，并分析其运作机理，得出加强我国口述历史伦理监管的几点启发：①通过政府主导，根据我国法律规范和口述历史语境的具体要求制定适合我国国情的口述历史伦理规范；②通过行业自律，制定口述历史职业的法规文件，使口述历史从业人员形成职业伦理自觉；③不同机构的协同合作； EQ \o\ac(○,4)跨领域和跨学科的研究合作。 关键词：美国；口述历史；伦理；审查机制；中国；启示 What China can Learn from the Ethical Review Mechanism in the United States Yun Feng Abstract: There are always the legal and ethical considerations in the practice of oral history in the libraries. A set of relatively sound ethical review mechanism that can be used for reference now has been formed in The United States where oral history is better developed. While there are still some problem in the practice of oral history, which are the moral anomie and the lack of a sound ethical review mechanism, it is necessary to introduce the America’s ethical review mechanism in order to provide some enlightenments to construct the ethical review mechanism of oral history in China. The essay makes an introduction of the Oral History Association (OHA)’s regulations, the Institutional Review Boards(IRB)and the Creative Commons（CC）and their operation mechanisms. Several points should be paid attention to strengthen our oral history ethical regulation, including to make policy which suits to China’s national conditions by the government; make the oral history professional regulations file to formulate the professional ethics consciousness by the self-discipline; the cooperation of different organizations and the research cooperation across the fields and disciplines. Keywords: The United States;Oral history; Ethics;Review mechanism;China; Enlightenment 1引言 口述历史实践始终贯穿着来自伦理的考量。口述历史伦理问题通常产生于两个方面：一方面，口述历史作为一种历史研究方法，因将具体的“人”视为研究对象，通常需要研究者融入到口述者的个人生活情境（生活经验和情感历程）当中，探求隐藏在个体行为背后的历史意义，由此产生涉及到较为复杂的人际关系而带来的伦理问题，比如个人身体和精神在访谈中可能受到伤害的伦理问题；另一方面，口述历史所形成的口述资料