中药材二氧化硫限量标准及残留现状探讨.docxVIP

中药材二氧化硫限量标准及残留现状探 康传志杨婉珍莫歌周利蒋靖怡吕朝耕王升M 涛郭兰萍 道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地中国中医科学院 中药资源中心 西藏藏医学院 贵阳中医学院 摘要: 传统的硫磺熏蒸加工方法由于其经济简便、可操作性强，防霉防虫等特点被广泛 应用于药材初加工和仓储等环节。但是过度硫磺熏蒸会造成药材化学成分发生量 变或质变，甚至危害人体健康。调查发现，中药材硫磺熏蒸方式主要是待药材采 收后直接熏蒸以快速干燥，或者在贮藏过程中将干药材润湿后再熏蒸以防霉防 虫。比较二氧化硫限量标准发现，中药材二氧化硫限量标准要比食品中的限量标 准严苛得多。基于现有限量标准，统计得到了 35种中药材共计862批药材的二 氧化硫残留情况，按照屮国药典限量标准(150/400 mg - kg-1)计算得到平均 超标率高达52. 43%o若按照食品添加剂法典标准中蔬菜的限量值计算(500 mg/kg),则平均超标率降为29.47%。作者认为应正确看待硫磺熏蒸问题:二氧 化硫属于低毒物质，相比于黄曲霉素等高毒物质来说，残留危害并不大，少量 残留也不会增加中药材毒性;但硫熏可能会改变中药材化学成分含量，从而影响 屮药材质量;毒性物质的暴露危害与暴露周期、暴露频次、使用方法等综合因素 有关。建议加强中药材二氧化硫限量标准研究，制定切实可行，既符合中药材用 药特点，乂能保障人民安全用药需要的中药材二氧化硫残留限量标准。 关键词： 硫磺熏蒸;二氧化硫残留;限量标准;质量;建议; 作者简介:郭兰萍，研究员，E-mail:glp01@126. com 作者简介：康传志，博士生，E-mail:kangchuanzhill03@163. com 收稿日期：2017-08-30 基金：国家自然科学基金项目(No. No. Discussion on Limit Standard and Present Situation of Sulfur Dioxide Residue in Chinese Medicinal Materials KANG Chuan-zhi YANG Wan-zhen MO Ge ZHOU Li JIANG Jing-yi LV Chao-geng WANG Sheng ZHOU Tao GUO Lan-ping State Key Laborstory Breeding Bose of Dao-di Herbs, Notional Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medico, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Tibetan Traditional medical college; Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Abstract： The traditional sulfur fumigation processing method is widely used in the processing and storage of medicinal materials, for its economy, simpleness, operability and effect of mold prevention. But excessive sul fur fumigation of traditional Chinese medicine could lead to excessive sulfur dioxide residue, cause changes of chemical composition, wind even endanger human health. This study found that Chinese herbal medicines arc mainly sulfur fumigated directly after harvest for quick drying, or fumigated after wetting in the storage process for mold and insect prevention. We found that the sulfur dioxide 1imits for traditional Chinese medicine were more strictly them those for food. Based on existing limited standards, we obtained data of sulfur dioxide residues