更平等还是更不平等全球经济不平等是加深还是缓解.docVIP

11月7日 更平等还是更不平等-全球经济不平等是加深还是缓解 CRITICS of capitalism are convinced that the gap between rich and poor is widening across the world. For them, the claim amounts almost to an article of faith: worsening inequality is a sure sign of the moral bankruptcy of “the system”. Whether rising inequality should in fact be seen as condemning capitalism in this way is a question worth addressing in its own right. There are reasons to doubt it. But it would also be interesting to know the answer to the narrow factual question. Is the familiar claim that capitalism makes global inequality worse actually true? 资本主义的批评家确信全球范围内穷富之间的差距已经越来越大。对于他们来说这种说法近乎等于信仰的表达：即不平等加剧是一个体系道德沦丧的确切信号。越来越大的不平等在实际中是否被用来成为谴责资本主义的证据是一个值得归于正位的问题。我们有理由去质疑此观点，但是知道狭隘真实问题的答案也将是一件非常有趣的事。耳熟能详宣称资本主义导致全球的不平等加剧的说法是真的吗 2、Unfortunately, this apparently straightforward question turns out to be harder to answer than one might suppose. There are three broad areas of difficulty. The first is measuring what people, especially the poorest people in developing countries, consume. The second is valuing consumption in a way that allows useful comparisons to be made across countries and over time. And the third, in effect, is settling on an appropriate basis of comparison. Which matters more, for instance: whether inequality is widening among nations, or whether inequality is widening among all the people of the world, regardless of which country they happen to live in? Judging any claim about global inequality is impossible without a clear understanding of how the researchers concerned have dealt with all three questions. 不幸的是，这个看起来显而易见非常直接的问题变得比预想中难回答的多。有三方面显著的难点。第一方面是测算特别是发展中国家最穷的那部分人的消费品。第二方面是做出有用的关于全时期内国与国之间消费值的对比。第三方面需要处在一个正确对比的基础上。比以上三点关系更多的是，例如，是否不平等仅是在国与国之间加剧，或者不管生活在哪个国家，在世界范围内不平等也在所有人之间加剧？如果所做的研究没有对涉及上述的三个问题分析有着清楚的认识，任何关于判断全球不平等的言论都是徒劳的 3、The third deserves to be emphasised at the outset. A thought-experiment reveals how easy it is to get muddled. Suppose it is true that inequality measured across countries is widening.