海口热带城市绿地土壤动物生态地理群落特征研究-自然地理学专业论文.docxVIP

II II 草型绿地；从土壤动物的表聚性来看，乔-灌-草绿地土壤动物分布最集中；旱雨季的交 替不仅对土壤动物群落组成、数量及多样性产生影响，而且由于土壤动物随旱雨季变化 改变栖息地，使垂直分布也发生交替变化；灌木-草结构的土壤动物 Shannon--Wiener 多 样性指数 H 最大，Simpson 优势度指数 C 小，其土壤动物较其他布局绿地的分布均匀， 成为土壤动物最适宜的绿地植被结构类型。 土壤的理化性质对土壤动物有不同的影响。对土壤动物类群数和密度与 3 种环境因 子进行回归分析得，土壤动物类群数主要受土壤有机质含量和含水率影响，且均呈正相 关，其中有机质含量对土壤动物类群数影响最大；土壤动物密度主要受土壤有机质含量 影响，且呈正相关。 城市生态系统与同地带自然生态系统比较结果为：土壤动物数量和类群均是前者 后者，具体体现在优势类群、常见类群、稀有类群的对比上。但自然生态系统的 Shannon--Wiener 多样性指数 H 和 Pielou 均匀性指数 J 大于城市绿地，Simpson 优势度指 数 C 小于城市绿地。这种差异与其所受人类活动影响程度密切相关。 关键词：城市绿地；土壤动物；生态地理；群落特征；海口 PAGE PAGE IV Abstract Soil animals are important composition in terrestrial ecosystem that play an important role in the substance circulation and energy transform. Urban greenbelts are special terrestrial ecological system, and they have a vital role in improving the citys ecological environment and promoting the city economic development. So to study the community structures of soil animals in urban greens have very important signification. This artiele studied the greenbelts in Haikou.From July 2009 to January 2010,within four different green types,three different types of greens vegetations,we investigated the soil animals communities composition of greens,ecological geographic features of animals groups, and environmental factors influenced on soil animals.We also compared and analysised the urban greens system and natural ecological system in the same zone with soil animals characteristics. We get a series of data about soil animals and soil environment.Soil animals in the four categories of greenlands are 7168 and belong to 3 phyla,12 class,24 groups.The dominant groups were Aeonite and Collembola,while Hymenoptera, Symphyla, Isoptera, Diptera, Opiliones,Diplura,Lepidoptera,Opistopora were the ordinary groups and Others were rear groups.The dominant groups and the ordinary groups account for 78.95% and 16.29% of the total respectively,They formed the basic composition of soil animals in ecological green of Haikou city, which plays an important