生物化学复习资料（全）-动态-warburge effect-1.pdfVIP

Pharmacology Therapeutics 137 (2013) 318–330 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Pharmacology Therapeutics journal homepa ge: www.elsevi /locate/pha rmthera Associate editor: B. Teicher The Warburg effect: Insights from the past decade Mohita Upadhyay a, Jasmine Samal a, Manish Kandpal a, Om Vir Singh b, Perumal Vivekanandan a,⁎ a Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi -110016, India b Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA-16701, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Keywords: Several decades ago, Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells produce energy predominantly by glycolysis; Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) a phenomenon now termed “Warburg effect”. Warburg linked mitochondrial respiratory defects in cancer Tumor microenvironment cells to aerobic glycolysis; this theory of his gradually lost its importance with the lack of conclusive evidence Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) confirming the presence of mitochondrial defects in cancer cells. Scientists began to believe that this altered Epigenetics mechanism of energy production in cancer cells was more of an effect than the cause. More than 50 years miRNA later, the clinical use of FDG-PET imaging in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancers rekindled the interest Post-translational modifications of the scientific community