认罪自愿性的实证考察.docxVIP

认罪自愿性的实证考察 李洪杰 北京市人民检察院第一分院 摘要： 自愿认罪有两个标准:一是客观方面，被追诉人在诉讼阶段的权利是否受到了明 显的不法侵害;二是主观方面，被追诉人是否对自己的行为性质及认罪后果有充 分了解。实证考察表明，被追诉人与法律职业人对“认罪”的理解基本相同，但 是在群体内部对认罪的理解又有不同。被追诉人可能为了量刑优惠而违心认罪， 在认罪的情况下对证据审查和辩护律师的作用不够重视。被追诉人认罪的自愿性 是困扰司法实践的一个难题。由于适用的诉讼程序不同，法律职业群体对认罪自 愿性的关注程度有所不同，对认罪认罚案件证明标准的把握也出现了不一致。违 心认罪有三个原因：被追诉人基于量刑诱惑违心认罪，司法机关偏离认罪认罚从 宽试点的目标进行操作，被追诉人的辩护权不能得到有效落实。因此，应当建立 权利告知制度，赋予被追诉人程序选择权，设立值班律师制度，建立程序回转 机制。 关键词： 自愿性;量刑诱惑;认罪协商;辩护权; 作者简介：李洪杰，北京市人民检察院第一分院检察管理监督部检察官助理、法 学博士。 基金：中国法学会部级法学研究重点课题“刑事诉讼中认罪认罚从宽司法实证研 究” [CLS (2015) B04]的部分研究成果 An Empirical Research on the Voluntariness of Pleading Guilty LI Hongjie Prosecution Administration Supervision Division of the First Branch of Beijing Peoples Procuratorate; Abstract： There are two criteria for voluntary pleading guilty:on the objective aspect, the criteria is whether the rights of the defendants are clearly infringed in crimined procedure;on the subjectivc aspect, the critcria is whether the defendants fully understand the nature and the results of pleading guilty. Judicial Practice shows that, the understandings of pleading guilty are basically identical in the defendants and the lawmen, but di f fere nt in the in ner side of the two groups. The defe ndants may involun tarily plead gu 订 ty due to the lure of fewer sen ten ces, and pay little attention to evidence review and the lawyers defense afterwards. The voluntariness of pleading guilty is a difficult problem in judicial practice. In different crimirml procedures, lawmen show different degree of attention onto the voluntariness in pleaded guilty cases, and comprchend the standard of proof differcntly.There arc 3 reasons why the defendants，pleading guilty may be involuntary:it may be involuntary because the defendant only wants a less sentence;it may be involuntary because the judiciary authorities operation violates the goal of the pilot project;or it may be involuntary because the defendants，right to defense are not protected. To solve those problems, we should inform the defe