句子成分及其句子种类.docVIP

句子成分及其句子种类 一．组成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子的成分有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。? 二.?句子最基本的结构是：主语＋谓语? 主语：在句子中的位置是放在句首：可以作主语的词类有名词、代词，数词、不定式以及词组、从句等等。?????e.g.?The?boys?are?playing?football?now.?????? 名词作主语? Two?and?two?are?four.??? ???数词作主语? To?learn?a?foreign?language?is?very?useful.?????? 动词不定式作主语?????This?is?a?key.?????? 谓语：谓语放在主语之后，动词作谓语，包括及物动词，不及物动词，系动词。?????e.g.?The?students?are?reading?books.????????????????? ?表语：放在谓语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语? 用作表语的词有名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词，不定式，词组，从句等等。????? e.g.?? We?are?students.?名词作表语????? This?desk?is?hers.?代词作表语???? ? Lee?is?fifteen.?数词作表语? ???? Sarah’s?car?looks?nice.?形容词作表语? ???? Our?plan?is?to?plant?trees.?动词不定式作表语?? ????宾语：宾语放在谓语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语，宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。? e.g.?Please?pass?me?the?salt.??????????????? 间接宾语?? 直接宾语? 用作宾语的词有：名词，代词，数词，不定式短语，名词性的形容词或从句。? ????e.g.?? ?Do?you?need?any?help?????????????????????名词作宾语? Would?you?like?to?help?me??代词作宾语????? He?bought?ten?oranges.?数词作宾语? The?teacher?wants?to?take?these?chairs?out?of?the?room.??动词不定式作宾语? ??宾语补足语：在句子中放在宾语之后，结构是：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋宾语补足语? 可以用作宾语补足语的词有：名词，形容词，不定式和分词。名词或者代词＋形容词/名词/不定式/分词????? e.g.?? ?The?good?news?made?me?happy.?形容词作宾补?? ???? Did?you?hear?her?sing?just?now??动词不定式作宾补??? ?I?saw?him?cleaning?the?window?yesterday.?分词作宾补????? Let?us?have?a?rest.?不定式短语作宾补? ????状语：一般放在句尾，有时放句首或句中。作状语的词有：副词，介词短语、词组，不定式短语，分词短语以及从句。? e.g. ?Immediately?he?started?to?sing.??副词放句首，作状语???? ?I’m?never?late.?????副词放句中作状语? ? He?drives?fast.?副词放句尾作状语。? Please?park?the?car?in?front?of?the?building.?????介词短词作状语放句尾? They?went?to?Shanghai?to?have?a?meeting.???????动词不定式作状语???? 定语：记住有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。一般情况下单个的名词，代词，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而词组、短语、从句要放在所修饰的名词之后。? 可以用作定语的词有：形容词，代词，数词，名词或名词所有格、介词短语，不定式短语，词组，分词短语和从句。????? e.g.?? Ben?is?an?old?man.? 形容词用作定语，放在名词之前。? ?????Do?you?want?another?cake?? 代词用作定语放在所修饰的名词前?????The?girl?asked?her?mother?two?questions.? ?数词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。? The?worker?put?the?flowers?in?a?paper?bag.?????? 名词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。?????Who’s?the?man?over?there??? ??介词短语作定语放在所修饰的名