句子成分和主从复合句的导入.doc

句子成分和主从复合句的导入 Ⅰ：句子成分的综述 句子的成分指构成句子的各个组成部分，即词、词组或从句在句子中的各种语法意义。句子成分一般有实词充当，如：名词，代词，实义动词，形容词，副词，数词。虚词只起辅助和联系作用，不能单独充当句子成分，如：冠词，介词，连词，情态动词，助动词，系动词。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。另外，一些句子还有一些其他的成分如：同位语、插入语、呼语等。 Ⅱ：各种成分在句子中的表示方法 一：主语：subject 可作主语的结构有：名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词或分词、从句 1：名词作主语： Every coin has two sides. Failure is the mother of success A journey ofａthousand miles begins with a single step 2：代词作主语： we are studying in No.1 senior high school, Luyi. No one is born wise or learned. 3：不定式作主语 To see is to believe . It’s not easy to find happiness in ourselves , and it’s not possible to find it elsewhere. 5：动名词作主语 Smoking is bad for you. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. Studying everything, studying any time and studying anywhere lead one to success. 6：名词化的形容词或分词 The young should respect the old . The unemployed usually lead a hard life . 7：从句作主语 When he will come back isn’t known now . It’s my belief that we should take part in after-school activities 1：名词化的形容词或分词作主语时谓语常用复数 2：单个从句作主语谓语常用单数： 3：单个不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语常用单数 The rich ＿becoming more and more rich ,but the poor ＿becoming more and more poor . A ：is B：are What we need ＿money and time . A：is B：are Getting up early ＿ good to health A：do B：does To recite this text ＿ necessary for us . A： is B：are 二：宾语： object 表示动作、行为的对象或结果，分为直宾和间宾两种，只有及物动词，介词之后才可跟宾语。常作宾语的结构有：名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词或分词、从句。有些动词需跟双宾语。 1：名词作宾语 Students in the senior high school should have an English-Chinese dictionary . We can not always build the future for our youth ,but we can build our youth for the future . 2：代词作宾语 I should apologize to him . This song reminded me of my hometown . God helps those who help themselves . 3：不定式作宾语（及其短语） I would like to ask you a question . We consider it necessary to take part in after-school activities . I think it useless and wrong to carry a mobile phone in classroom . 4：动名词作宾语（及其短语） I hate talking with him in this way . To waste time is like