精细化工课件表面活性剂11高分子.pptVIP

* * * 第二次课节点。 * 季铵盐碱性较强，其水溶液遇碱无变化，而胺盐水溶液遇碱则其作用幸好曾不溶于水的胺。 * 抗静电剂：阴、非、阳、两性离子表面活性剂都有该作用。 * In cases were there is low surface tension ?liquid ?solid then the liquid is able to flow out well over the substrate. In the ideal case, the contact angle ? is zero. If 90o ? 0o then partial wetting is said to have occurred. Ideally ? will be as close to zero as possible. * Surface Tension Effects In order for a liquid to flow out over a surface, its surface tension (?) must be lower than that of the surface it is applied to: ?liquid ?solid In extreme cases, if the surface tension of the liquid is very high then no wetting is observed to occur and the applied coating will form a droplet on the applied surface. By measuring the contact angle (?) from the edge of this droplet. a rough guide as to the efficiency of wetting can be formulated. i.e. if 90o ? 180o then no wetting is said to have occurred. * Surface Tension Effects In order for a liquid to flow out over a surface, its surface tension (?) must be lower than that of the surface it is applied to: ?liquid ?solid In extreme cases, if the surface tension of the liquid is very high then no wetting is observed to occur and the applied coating will form a droplet on the applied surface. By measuring the contact angle (?) from the edge of this droplet. a rough guide as to the efficiency of wetting can be formulated. i.e. if 90o ? 180o then no wetting is said to have occurred. * In cases were there is low surface tension ?liquid ?solid then the liquid is able to flow out well over the Substrate. In the ideal case, the contact angle ? is zero, and full wet out is possible. (2)增稠剂 粘稠剂原料主要是水溶性高分子化合物： （1）有机增稠剂 羟乙基纤维素醚（HEC）、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、聚丙烯酸钠、卡波树脂等。 （2）无机增稠剂 膨润土、胶性硅酸铝镁、胶性二氧化硅等。 * 3、防腐剂 防腐剂（Preservatves）是指可以阻止产品内微生物生长或阻止与产品反应的微生物生长的物质。 * 性能要求： ①对多种微生物都应有效 ②能溶于水或通常使用的化妆品成分中 ③不应有毒性和皮肤刺激性 ④在较大的温度范围内都应稳定而有效 ⑤不应产生有损产品外观的着色、褪色和变臭等现象 ⑥不应与配方中的有机物发生反应，降低其效果 ⑦应是中性的，至少不应使产品的pH值产生明显变化 ⑧应该经济实惠，容易得到