生物化学0 4氨基酸与肽讲义汇总.pptVIP

? 氨基酸结构与分类 ? 氨基酸的酸碱特性 ? 氨基酸特征反应 ? 肽--蛋白质一级结构;19 different R-groups: - Structure - Size - Polarity - Ionization - Hydropathy;5-3;t5-1;Phe 疏水侧链;5-6;;二硫键的可逆形成与裂解;Pro (a pyrrole) 环绕2°胺和C?连键的旋转受到 　一定限制，使肽链中含有Pro 区段的结构柔曲性受到相应的 　影响 多见于肽链转折处;Lys 侧链?位的第二个1°胺在中性 pH条件下带正电荷;-CH2-C;C;Z-p9;5-10;由二元酸型简单AA滴定可得如下推论：;5-11;5-12a (Ref.);5-12b (Ref.);- 茚三酮反应　Ninhydrin在弱酸溶液中与AA共热可使 所有带伯氨基的AA氧化脱氨脱羧并生成 蓝紫色化合物(Pro生成亮黄色) - 2,4-二硝基氟苯反应　DNFB在弱碱性溶液中可与AA 发生亲核芳环取代反应，生成 黄色二硝基苯基氨基酸DNP-AA - 丹磺酰氯反应　DNS-Cl在弱碱性溶液中可使AA酰基化 生成强荧光性的丹磺酰衍生物DNS-AA - 苯异硫氰酸酯反应　PITC在弱碱性条件下能与AA反应 生成无色的苯乙内酰硫脲衍生物 PTH-AA;? 茚三酮反应 (检测精度可达0.5~50μg);DNP-AA;urea;② 黄色反应 (苯环可被硝化生成硝基苯衍生物);④ 乙醛酸反应 (含吲哚基的化合物);5-13g;A peptide of 5 AA residues;Ionization of peptides;A source for the determination of the isoelectric point when the primary sequence of a peptide is provided.;t5-6;t5-3;t5-4;5-16;自学;? 生物活性肽具有重要的生理功能;要点提示;要点提示 (续1);作 业;一、选择 3, 5, 7, 8, 16, 17 二、填空 1, 7, 8, 15 三、判断 1~4, 9 四、判断 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15 五、问答与论述 3, 12;There are three other amino acids that are incorporated directly into proteins at the ribosome. Each uses a codon otherwise used by another amino acid, or which normally acts as a stop codon. The 21st proteinogenic amino acid is N-formylmethionine, which is the first amino acid in all bacterial proteins. It is encoded by the same codon as methionine (AUG), but because of the interaction between initiation factors and ribosome at the start of translation, only the tRNA for N-formylmethionine is able to bind the start codon. The 22nd proteinogenic amino acid is selenocysteine, which is encoded by a special interpretation of the opal stop codon UGA, and is an important component of some enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase. The 23rd ge