黄姜粗提物对植物病原真菌及细菌抑制效果的初步研究-植物病理专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 黄姜，又名盾叶薯蓣，属于薯蓣科，广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。其根状茎 具有食用及药用价值。从根状茎中提取的薯蓣皂甙元，不仅是合成可的松及其它激 素类药物的重要工业原料，而且对植物病原真菌有一定抑制作用。 本研究以黄姜根、叶为材料。将采集的根叶，短截或切片后，置室内晾摊，然 后放入55—60 4C温箱内烘干，用粉碎机粉碎。实验室用甲醇、丙酮、酒精溶液及三 者的混合液为溶剂用冷浸法提取粗提物。 室内毒力测定以水稻纹枯病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、小麦赤霉病菌和水稻白叶枯病 菌、白菜软腐病菌为对象。将黄姜粗提物按不同比例混入培养基中。然后接菌，定 期观察对供试真菌和细菌的抑菌效果。 研究表明，根粗提物对供试病原真菌和细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。在真菌 的平板试验中，根的粗提物(含原药成分0．Olg／m1)对水稻纹枯病病菌、西瓜枯萎 病病菌的抑制率(24h)分别为100％，23．35％，对水稻纹枯病病菌、西瓜枯萎病病菌、 小麦赤霉病病菌的抑制率(48h)分别为78．64％，13．64％，38．89％；在细菌的平板 试验中，根粗提物(4％)对水稻白叶枯病病菌、白菜软腐病病菌的抑制率(24h)分 别达到51．67％和61．24％。在细菌的液体培养试验中，根粗提物(5％)对水稻白叶枯病 病菌、白菜软腐病病菌的抑制率(24h)达68．29％和64．31％。根粗提物与杀菌剂多菌 灵的复配抑菌试验证明，复配剂对水稻纹枯病菌有明显增效作用。 关键词黄姜：粗提物；病原真菌：病原细菌：抑菌效果 AbstractHuajiang，also Abstract Huajiang，also named Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright C．H．Its stem underearth be used food，and chinese medicine too．The sapogenin extracted from its stem is not only important material to compose cortisone and the other hormonal medicines but also has somewhat inhibition effect fungus． The roots and leaves of Dioscoreaceal zingiberensis C．H．Wright were researched in this p印er，which were comminuted after airing and drying in 50—60|。C，then the plant materials were extracted with methanol，acetone，ethanol and their mixture as solvents by cold dipping． Fungus selected in experiment mainly were Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn．，Fusarium oxysporum schlechendahl f．sp．niveum．，Fusarium graminearum Schwabe．；Bacteria selected were Xanthomonas campestris pv．Orvzae(Ishiyama)Dye．，Erwinia caratovora (Jones)Hou pv．caratovora Dye．The mycelial growth rate me枷ement and the bacteria liquid culture method were used． The restraint experiments show that gross extracts have deferent controlling effects on fungus and bacteria．In the culture dish experiments on fungus，the inhibition rates(24h) of root gross extracts(0．Olg／m1)on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn．and Fusarium oxysporum schlechendahl￡sp．mveum．are 100％，23．35％respectively,the inhibition rate(48h)on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn．，Fusarium oxyspornm schlechendahl f．sp．niveum．and Fusarium gramine