脊髓反射对姿势稳定性的影响效果生物医学工程专业论文.docxVIP

脊髓 脊髓反射对姿势稳定性的影响效果 摘要 PAGE PAGE 5 关键词：神经运动控制，建模与仿真，脊髓反射，刚度，反馈增益 脊髓反 脊髓反射对姿势稳定性的影响效果 ABSTRACT The Effect of Feedback Contribution to Arm Posture Control ABSTRACT Stability of limb posture is important for motor behaviors in the presence of perturbations. Stiffness is usually used to characterize the stability of our limb posture. Reflex pathways significantly contribute to muscle stiffness. It is one of the three individual stiffness components: intrinsic, passive and reflex. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the stiffness generated by reflex action can be modulated according to the nature of motor tasks and the environments. In either case, the goal of stiffness modulation is to reduce instability by increase the stiffness. However, it has remained a technical challenge to quantify the reflex action compensates in experiments for the end-point stability of the upper limb. In the present study, a close-loop virtual arm model with reflex pathway was developed based on an open-loop model. Simulation with these two models allows us to separate the influence of reflex action completely from the intrinsic components. To simulate the realistic kinematic variability in human motor behaviors, dynamic simulation of these two 6-muscle, 2-DOF models were executed with signal dependent noise. The method used to evaluate stiffness is by adding perturbations to the muscle force. Using the measured changes and added forces, stiffness can be obtained by a Least-Squares method in MATLAB. Distribution of drifting in the end-point of the arm is characterized by an ellipse, whose major and minor axis are the eigen-values of covariance matrix of the end-point position. Fourteen trails of simulation experiments with different activation level patterns have been done using open-loop and close-loop models separately. All these activation patterns keep the arm posture stable in an identical position. By analyzing the results, we found that, by average, stiffness with reflex are