从铁钉表面镀铜浅谈低年级学生科研思维培养.pdf

大学化学(Daxue Huaxue) November Univ. Chem. 2017, 32 (11), 65－68 65 ∙师生笔谈∙ doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX201706024 从铁钉表面镀铜浅谈低年级学生科研思维培养 郝仕油* 赵国良 (浙江师范大学行知学院，浙江金华321004) 摘要：以铁钉表面镀铜为例，从Cu2 +直接氧化Fe 实验中发现问题：铜镀层凸凹不平、易脱落。基于该 问题，引导学生进行文献查阅，对问题进行分析，然后设计相关实验方案，进行实验操作，从而解决问 题：获得表面均匀的铜镀层。通过问题发现、问题分析、文献资料查阅、实验方案设计、问题解决的思 路培养低年级学生科研思维。 关键词：铁钉；表面镀铜；科研思维；培养 中图分类号：G642 ；O6 Scientific Research Thinking Cultivation of Junior Students Based on Copper Plated on the Iron Nail Surface HAO Shi-You* ZHAO Guo-Liang (Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China) Abstract: Taking copper plated on the surface of iron nail as an example, the problems of uneven copper coating and easy falling off from the iron surface were discovered based on the direct redox reaction of Cu2 + and Fe. On the basis of these problems, the students reviewed literatures, analyzed the problems, designed related experimental schemes, and performed experimental operations under the guidance of tutors, the problems were resolved and a uniform copper coating surface was obtained. Via the considerations of the problem discovery, problem analysis, literature review, experimental design, and problem resolving, junior studentsʹ scientific research thinking were cultivated. Key Words: Iron nail; Surface copper plating; Scientific research thinking; Cultivation 化学是一门实用性和创造性极强的中心学科，因为在它迅速发展过程中，为相关学科(如材料、 [1] 物理、环境等学科) 的建立或发展提供了重要物质基础 。化学也是一门实践性很强的学科，因为绝大 多数理论是从实践中产生，并不断接受实践检验，逐渐完善而成的。实验是化学实践的基本手段，所