北京大学计算概论课件第七讲 赋值与数据输出.ppt

Lesson 7 Assignment and Interactive Input/Output Hu Junfeng 2007/10/13 Assignment —— use the r-value to rewrite the l-value l-value and r-value r-value: a number; a variable; an expression; (a function) l-value: a variable only! Data type conversion Assignment (cont.) Implicit explicit type conversion Increment operator (++): variable = variable + 1 can be replaced by variable++ or ++variable #include stdio.h main() { int x=23; printf(%d\n,--x); } Interactive Input/Output printf(“control string” ,x1 ,x2 ,…) control string string embedded with conversion control sequences: to tell the printf( ) to convert the output data into ASCII form. %d,%f, %lf, %c Escape sequence: for key in the control characters /n, /t Convert and escape from ‘%’, ‘/’ %%,// Formatted Output (continued) Other Number Bases Other Number Bases (continued) The decimal value of the letter a is 97. The octal value of the letter a is 141. The hex value of the letter a is 61. Separate the input elements with ‘,’ Scan the input string for expected, left the rear part in the buffer A First Look at User-Input Validation (cont.) As written, Program 3.12 is not robust The problem becomes evident when a user enters a non-integer value Handling invalid data input is called user-input validation Validating the entered data either during or immediately after the data have been entered Providing the user with a way of re-entering valid data Mathematical Library Functions #include math.h Where is the literal data store? Give a name to the number Symbolic Constants Literal data refers to any data within a program that explicitly identifies itself Literal values with special meaning appear in the program are called magic numbers C allows you to define the value once by equating the number to a symbolic name #define SALESTAX 0.05 #define PI 3.1416 Also called symbolic constants and named constants. Usually capitalized . Symbolic Constants Case study: