空间光学系统复消色差方法研究-精密仪器与机械专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 随着空间遥感领域的飞速发展，对空间仪器的成像质量要求越来越高，严重 影响空阳J光学系统像质的色差问题更加引起了人们的关注。本文结合空间光学系 统的特殊性，从理论和实践上进一步探讨研究其复消色差的新方法。 本文首先提出了光学系统满足复消色差条件时材料选择和光焦度分配的两 种新方法，即口￡图法和系数法。借助于图表来进行材料选择的SZ图法使用方 便且更为直观化。系数法利用幂级数来拟合折射率，并求解各系数，使残余色差 自动最小化，此方法简便有效。通过实践，证实了这两种方法的提出使折射式长 焦距空间光学系统的复消色差成为可能。 紧接着本文利用二元衍射透镜的色散与材料的无关性及负向性来补偿透镜 的色差，设计复消色差的折／衍混合系统。折／衍混合系统为像差的校正提供了更 多的自由度，且结构简单紧凑，达到了空间光学系统体积小、重量轻的要求。该 设计突破了传统光学设计范畴，不失为一种新型的设计方法。 最后，本文将近年来国外首先提出的用于扩大焦深和景深的波前编码法运用 于空间光学系统的复消色差中。波前编码法的关键技术在于三次相位板的设计和 对中间像的图像处理和恢复。本文在相位掩膜的相位函数理论推导的基础上，给 出了三次相位板的光学设计参数。这种方法新颖独特，具有广泛应用前景。 关键词：空间光学系统，二级光谱，复消色差，二元光学，波前编码 AbstractWith Abstract With the rapid development of space remote sensing field，space optical instruments with higher imaging qualities are in great need，Thus，great attentions are focused 013．the chromatic problems that greatly impact the performances of space optical systems．Considering the particularity of space optical systems，nevv． apochromatism methods are discussed in this paper theoretically and practically． In this paper,two methods，called S-L chart and coefficient method，are put forward on how to select optical materials and distribute focal power aS to meet the apochromatic requirements．Optical materials can be selected by S-L chart conveniently and visually．The coefficient method fits the reflective index with a power series and each coefficient is solved to minimize the residual chromatic aberration automatically．This method is easy and effective．It is proved that，the presentation of these two methods made the apochromatism possible for optical systems with long focal length． After that，the dispersive behavior of binary optical lens，which is of negative tropism and independency on materials，is used to compensate the chromatic aberration ofrefraction lens，and then an apochromatic diffraction．refraction system is designed．Diffraction-refraction system Can provide much more degree of freedom to correct aberration，and it has a more compact and simpler structure．Then，the requirements of small volu