考虑温度影响下结构振动疲劳寿命估算-机械工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 在工程实际中，处于热力环境下的结构常会发生一定的疲劳破坏，尤其在高 超音速飞行器结构中表现突出。一方面是高超音速飞行器表面蒙皮在高温度梯度 环境下引起的热振动疲劳，另一方面是高超音速飞行器结构件在热机耦合环境下 引起的热振动疲劳。为此，本文以飞行器上广泛应用的典型结构（诸如板和加筋 板）为对象，在分析结构热应力及其动力学特性的基础上，探讨温度对结构振动 疲劳寿命的影响，提出一种考虑温度影响下结构振动疲劳寿命分析方法，进一步 提高结构振动疲劳寿命预测精度。论文取得的研究成果对飞行器结构的抗振动疲 劳设计以及保障飞行器的安全可靠性具有十分重要的意义。本文主要工作及取得 的创新性成果如下： 首先，以热应力理论、弹性薄板振动理论以及结构疲劳寿命分析方法为理论 基础，以弹性薄板结构为分析对象，研究了温度梯度下结构的温度场及其热应力 响应，同时计算了弹性薄板的振动模态、振动响应以及热振动环境下的结构疲劳 寿命。其次，以飞行器单向双筋板结构件为分析对象，通过有限元软件建立其动 力学模型，并通过文献实验数据进行模型修正。在此基础上，分析该结构在不同 温度下的振动模态、振动响应及其热应力分布。最后，基于热力联合下的应力分 析结果和疲劳寿命 S-N 曲线之上，探讨了温度对结构疲劳寿命的影响。 结果表明，温度所引起的膨胀应力以及温度梯度引起的弯曲应力对结构振动 疲劳寿命具有重要的作用。考虑热环境后，温度变化与结构模态之间具有耦合作 用，该效应对结构疲劳寿命的作用不容忽视。这些结论对于热力环境下的结构抗 振动疲劳设计具有重要的参考价值。 关键词：振动疲劳，温度，模态，热应力，热机耦和 II II Abstract In the practical engineering, structural fatigue failure often occurs under thermal vibration environment, especially to the structure of hypersonic aircraft. One problem is the thermal vibration fatigue which is caused by the high temperature gradient exist in the skin of the supersonic aircraft, another aspect is the vibration fatigue which is induced by thermo-mechanical coupling environment in supersonic aircraft structure. Therefore, the typical structure in the aircraft (such as plates and stiffened plates) is employed as the object that is studied on the problem of vibration fatigue life with temperature involved. An analytical method for vibration fatigue life with temperature is proposed, which pays attention to the impacts of high temperature on vibration and fatigue life. The research results are very important to the structure design and to guarantee the safety reliability of supersonic aircraft. The main work of this paper is listed as follows: Firstly, the theory of thermal stress, and theory of elastic thin plate vibration and fatigue life analysis method are used as basic theory, and an elastic plate is used as the study object, the temperature field and thermal stress response for the elastic plate is analyzed and the vibration mode and vibration f