看麦娘属(Alopecurus)的系统学研究-植物学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

山东师范大学硕士学位论文 山东师范大学硕士学位论文 万方数据 万方数据 野青茅属、剪股颖属和棒头草属。类型Ⅱ包括画眉草属、鼠尾粟属、乱子草属、 虎尾草属、结缕草属、野古草属和黍属，对应着画眉草亚科和黍亚科。类型Ⅱ 又可以分为两个亚类型：亚类型 4 包括画眉草属；类型 5 包括鼠尾粟属、乱子 草属、虎尾草属、结缕草属、野古草属和稷黍属。类型Ⅲ包括芦苇属和稻属， 对应着稻亚科和芦竹亚科。看麦娘属属于类型Ⅰ中的亚类型 1，与菵草属、早 熟禾属植物的颖果属于同一类型，认为看麦娘属应归于早熟禾族。 本文对看麦娘属及其近缘属24属34种植物在分子系统学方面进行研究，基 于核基因组ITS序列和叶绿体基因组psbA-trnH序列，用NJ法进行系统进化树的分 析。实验结果显示看麦娘属、芨芨草属、针茅属、小麦属、菵草属、早熟禾属、 碱茅属、虉草属、燕麦属、拂子茅、雀麦属、野青茅属和剪股颖属聚为一支，对 应于早熟禾亚科。其中菵草属、看麦娘属、早熟禾属和碱茅属聚为一小支，对应 于早熟禾族，而且看麦娘属和菵草属聚在一起，均得到了较高的支持率，有较近 的亲缘关系。支持菵草属也属于早熟禾亚科早熟禾族。 关键词：看麦娘属；叶表皮；颖果；ITS 序列；psbA-trnH 序列 II Systematic studies on Alopecurus Abstract Alopecurus belongs to Gramineae, and it is annual or perennial herbaceous. There are nearly fifty species in the world which are d istributed in the northern hemisphere boreal and eight species grows in China. A spark debate exists in the systematic position of Alopecurus for a long time. In order to further explore the systematic position of Alopecurus. We carry out experiments from both morphological and molecular. In this paper, in the aspect of morphology, we use scanning electron microscope to scan the leaf epidermis of Alopecurus and its related genera, at the same time, their caryopsis morphology are observed. In the aspect of molecular, according to ITS sequence of nuclear genome and psbA-trnH sequence of Chloroplast genome, we construct phylogenetic tree. After all, the relation of phylogenetic analysis is carried out. In our paper, the Gramineae division of data of experiments is based on “Flora of China” . In this paper, we scan the leaves under epidermis of Alopecurus and its related genera about 27 species which represent 23 genera using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. We use optical microscope and scanning electron microscope to scan the leaves under epidermis of Alopecurus and its related genera about 27 species which represent 23 genera. The result shows that the leaves of Gramineae can be divided into four major types and two subtypes according to leaf e