脒基CO2空气开关表面活性剂的合成与应用研究-应用化学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 表面活性剂具有降低界面张力，在溶液内部可形成胶团等性质，因此被广泛应用于 石油开来、矿物浮逃、乳液聚合、纺织印染、食品加工等行业。然而，在某些应用中， 只要求表面活性剂在某…阶段起作用，过程结束需分离去除。大多数传统表面活性剂在 应用中难于分离回收，使用完后直接被排放，这不仅浪费资源，还影响环境。开关表面 活性剂可利用开关基因，使分子在人们需要的过程才具有表团活性，从而解决上述问题。 含眯基 C02/空气开关表面活性剂由于开关反应温和、无毒，因此更具布优越性。 本课题首先用两种方法合成 N飞长链烧基 -N，N-二申基乙基眯:…种方法是用缩醒与 脂肪伯肢反应:另一种方法是用氨基瞅氯与毗肢反应。本课题重点研究了氨基毗氯与毗 肢的反应，考察了反应温度、配比和时间对反应的影响。 本课题研究了眯基 COi空气开关表面活性剂的表面性能，并用眯基 C02/空气开关 表而活性剂分别配制胶束和反胶束两种软模板合成 CdS 童子点，合成结束向体系中通入 空气并加热至 6S.C使体系破乳，能通过简单的离心、洗涤操作得到纳米粒子，从而避免 了传统表面活性剂胶束的繁琐破乳过程。合成的 CdS 最子点通过 TEM、HRTEM 、XRD、 UV-vis 和荧光等进行表征，结果证明以眯基 C02/空气开关表面活性剂制备的软棋板可 合成粒径在 10nm 以下的 CdS 最子点。 关键词t 开关表面活性剂、 CdS 量子点、软模板、眯基 11 11 Abstract Abstract Surf坦ctants have been widely used in Oil exploration， mineral flOtation， emulsion polymerization， textile dyeing，food processing ，创al，due tO the properties of reducing interfacial tension and forming micelles in the sOlution. Most of occasiOns，surfactants are needed in just One step and have ωbe remOved when its unnecessary. Somet恤les，it is neither e部Y to remove the normal su由ctant nOr easy to recycle it after its devotion. And，也e direct Outpouring Of surfactants is wasteful and environmental1y harmfu1. Fortunately， switchable surfactan臼 could address these prOblems by switching the surface activity. Being mildness and non-toxic，the C02/Air switchable surfactant gains more attentions. In this subject，N-alkyl-N ，N-dimethyl ethylamidine has been synthesized in twO ways. One is by ace阳1and fatty amines，and the other is by amino chloride and amide. It WiωfOund that the frrst way is hard in preparing and preserving 也.e acetal in despite Of higher yield. SO， more expe由nents On the second way have been done ωanalyze the reaction mechanism and eflect factors. As a result，the temperature and the reaction time can both influence the second way of synthesis，and the best reaction condition is reacting in 110.C for 20h. The surface activities Of the C02/Air switchable surfactant has been studied. According ω 由.e properti