对Leech礼貌原则的研究.docVIP

A study of Leechs politeness principle in business conversations 1. Introduction 1.1 research background In recent years, pragmatics has a significant development, especially the book of “Pragmatics” of S.Levinson published in 1983 and the “Pragmatics standard” of Leech’s, which are drawn many people’s attention. “Pragmatics” systematically evaluated all kinds of theories of pragmatics till then. “Pragmatics standard” set up the new principle based on the old theory. lt is the Politenes Principle. “Politeness Principle” isn’t set up by Leech. Before him, a lot of linguists and sociologists pay attention to the politeness phenomenon in using language. For example, a variety of languages have a proper appellation in Chinese,such as “you and you”. In the early fifty’s, E.Gomnan put forward the “face” problem from the sociology angel. He said, in the communication process, in the every hours and moments, people are involved in the “face” problem. “Face” is one of the standards of the people’s behavior, is involved in the people’s behavior. On the one hand, people’s behavior is restrained by the face. On the other hand, we expect that the others should pay more attention to our face. “Face” is the personal sacred and private property, is the backbone of the sense of security and happiness. If we don’t protect the face, we should be regarded as “thick-skinned”. If we don’t protect the other’s face, it should be regarded as callous. Goffman said: face work, is working with each other. Lost or not lost the face is just in the hand of us. If we don’t want to lose the face, the most insurance way is not hurt the other people’s face. As a result, in the conversation, as usual we belittle you, rise up the others. If people raise up themselves, belittle the others, social interaction will be magic. The book of the “Universal language” is written by P.Brown and S.Levinson in 1978.The politeness phenomenon is an article quoted by many people. They investigated t