南昌大学医学院急危重症护理学课件 疼痛管理.ppt

Teaching Objectives Master the definition of pain, pain classification, and measurement of pain. Master the nonpharmacological approaches for pain, nursing strategies for pain management. Be familiar with the influential factors to pain, the collection of patient’s medical history of pain. Be familiar with the pharmacological approaches for pain. Comprehend physical examination for pain. Vocabulary narcotics麻醉药 analgesics镇痛药 Onset 发病 Nausea恶心 Diaphoretic出汗 Insomnia失眠 Quiz ! Pain is expected with aging; Pain is expected in the hospital； Patients who are cognitively impaired do not feel pain; A sleeping patient is not in pain; Narcotics麻醉药 will hasten death; Potent analgesics烈性镇痛药 are addictive; Section 1. Introduction of Pain What is pain anyway? 1.1 Definition of Pain “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential damage or described in terms of such damage.” ---International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP), 1979 It implicates the following: Pain is unpleasant Pain is a sensory experience: Pain is an emotional experience Pain is a warning signal for actual or potential tissue damage Definition widely used in nursing Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does. --- Margo McCaffery, RN “疼痛，就是经历它的人说什么是疼痛，疼痛就是什么；任何时候他说疼痛存在，疼痛就仍在。” 1.2 Pain Classification acute pain chronic pain. 1.3 Influential Factors to Pain Total pain physical ↓ Psychological → Total pain ← Social ↑ Spiritual 1.3.1 Biophysiological factors Age Gender Personality Physical states Drug abuse 1.3.2 Psychological factors Emotions Fatigue Attention 1.3.3 Cognitive Factors Meaning of pain Attitude Expectation Pain experiences 1.3.4 Social Fac