美国私人基金会捐赠高等教育的运作与监管机制-比较教育学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

II II 摘 要 新制度经济学代表人物，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者道格拉斯﹒诺斯认为，行为 是由制度决定的，而制度又由正式约束和非正式约束构成，正式约束是指国家的 宪法和法律、规章和制度等，而非正式约束是指一个国家的宗教文化、传统、习 俗等。本研究将这一原理运用于私人基金会捐赠的原动力和助动力的界定上，即 私人基金会捐赠的原动力就是指人们在宗教、文化、习俗等非正式约束下产生的 慈善动能，而私人基金会捐赠的助动力则是指人们在法律、规章和制度等正式约 束下产生的慈善动能。 发达国家慈善的原动力和助动力强劲是慈善事业强盛的基础。在美国，私人 基金会高等教育捐赠的历史已有百年以上，有着源远流长的宗教与文化的慈善传 统，也储备了不少的实践经验。私人基金会对美国社会的发展产生着巨大影响， 尤其是对美国高等教育的发展起到不可估量的重要作用，这是其他国家基金会所 无法比拟的。因此，本文希望通过对美国私人基金会捐赠的高等教育的原动力和 助动力进行剖析，即基金会捐赠历史渊源、以及这一慈善传统的动力因素、特别 是对美国基金会捐赠高等教育在运作和监管方面的主要模式和办法进行分析和 研究，同时针对我国基金会捐赠高等教育发展的现状和存在的问题，借鉴美国基 金会成熟的经验和做法，提出进一步完善和改进我国基金会捐赠高等教育的监管 和运作模式的意见和建议，使私人基金会在我国高等教育领域发挥更大的作用。 关键词：美国私人基金会；高等教育捐赠；运作与监管机制 III III Abstract Douglass North, a winner of the Nobel economics prize, who is also a leading figure of the new institutional economics, believes that behavior is decided by system, which consists of formal constraints and informal constraints. The former refers to the constraints of national constitution, laws, rules and regulations, while the latter, religion, culture, tradition and convention and so on. Douglass North’s theory holds that the motive force of the private foundations is the kinetic energy produced under the constraints of religion, culture and convention to people, and its auxiliary force is the kinetic energy produced under the constraints of national constitution, laws, rules and regulations. This theory is used in this thesis to define the motive force and auxiliary force of the donation from private foundations. The strong motive force and auxiliary force from philanthropy sources in developed countries is the basic element of philanthropy. In America, donation from private foundations to higher education has a long history of over one hundred years with long-time philanthropy tradition of religion and culture, as well as much practical experience. Private foundations take an immeasurable effect to society development, especially to the development of American higher education, which has the great use beyond that of other national foundat