逆防卫的许禁之争及其适用条件之分析.docVIP

逆防卫的许禁之争及其适用条件之分析 摘要：原不当侵害人对不当防卫能否进行逆防 卫，理论上存在赞成与反对两种观点。当面临生命或 重大健康安全时人会本能地反击，这是人性的表面， 国外立法和我国正当防卫制度都没有否定原不法侵害 人的逆防卫权。着眼于加害与被害的关系，否定逆防 卫人的逆防卫权有脱离现实之嫌。但逆防卫毕竟是一 种特殊的防卫，如果按正当防卫的一般条件要求逆防 卫人，不利于原防卫人权利的保护，因而还必须为其 设置一些特殊的限制条件。从逆防卫的特殊性出发, 除满足正当防卫的一般条件外，逆防卫的成立还要满 足四个条件：一是不当防卫必须严重危及人身安全; 二是严重危及人身安全的不当防卫非常紧迫；三是对 严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪不允许进行逆防卫；四 是逆防卫人必须履行躲避义务。 关键词：逆防卫；许禁之争；严重危及安全；紧 迫性；躲避义务 中图分类号：文献标志码：A文章编号： 1671-1254 (2014) 02-0000-00 The Debate against Prohibit!ng or Permitting Reverse Defense and Rethinking on the Applicable Conditions of Reverse Defe nse Wei Hantao (School of Law, Kunming University of Scienee and Tech no logy, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China) Abstract： whether the original infringer could con duct in verse defense against defe nders, there are two opposite views in theory. From the point of view of huma n rights protecti on in verse defe nse have no legal basis； focusing on the interaction between the victim and the harm we can not deny in verse defe nse. However， in verse defe nse after all is a special defe nse. If we require in verse defense accordi ng to the general conditions of self-defense， it is not conducive to protect the rights of victims. Therefore, we must set more stringe nt applicable conditions for in verse defe nse. Except from meeting the general conditions of self-defe nse, in verse defe nse must meet three conditions as following： First, the improper defense must seriously jeopardize personal safety. Secondly, the violent crime seriously endanger the personal safety against the defense is not allowed? Thirdly, the serious threat to pers onal safety is very urge nt. At last, the original infringer must fulfill the obligations of escaping. Keywords： reverse defense； debate against permitting or banning； urgency； seriously jeopardize safety ； obligati on s of escapi ng 真理是有条件的，真理向前迈进一步就会变成谬 误。正当防卫作为一种法定的正当化事由，有其严格 的适用条件。如果跨越了它的适用场域与条件，就会 蜕变成为一种具有危害性的不法侵害行为。那么，对 这种特殊的不法侵害行为能否进行再防卫呢？例如， 对普通的小偷小摸行为，且行为人赤手空拳，如果防 卫人用尖刀进行防卫；再如，对日常生活中的诸如拳 打脚踢之类的轻微暴力侵害，被害人若用致