两德的统一及其影响-世界史专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 上世纪 90 年代初，作为冷战前沿阵地的联邦德国和民主德国实现了统一。具 有不同社会制度（意识形态）的两个国家以和平方式迅速地重新统一，这在世界 现代史上，是绝无仅有的，它产生了一系列的深远影响。因此，将两德的统一及 其影响作为一个课题加以研究具有理论和实际的双重意义。 本篇论文包括两德统一的背景、曲折过程及其统一后的影响等内容。德国的 重新统一是基于战后德国战败而被分割这一事实来讲的，20 世纪 40 年代后期分区 占领德国的盟国因为美苏意识形态的矛盾而最终分道扬镳成为对手，并由此形成 了冷战的局面，在美英法的操纵下联邦德国成立，紧接着在苏联的扶植下民主德 国亦成立，从此德国的分裂成为定局。自分裂以后，两个德国对统一问题的立场 是两国政府各自的重要国策之一，但是因为德国的分裂是战后欧洲安全的保证， 涉及到整个欧洲的战略平衡，所以要重新统一绝非易事。到了上世纪 80 年代，苏 联和东欧发生的剧变以及东西方关系的缓和为两德统一提供了契机，最终，以西 德吞并东德的方式完成了重新统一。德国统一的完成，对其国内而言，因为此前 双方在经济政治体制等方面的发展具有异质性，因此一定程度上给统一后的德国 带来了一系列的社会问题，至今仍未完全解决；另外，德国统一后对欧洲乃至世 界也带来了一些深远的影响。 两德统一过程的前后还对我国提供了可借鉴的方法。如在解决台湾问题的过 程中，如何处理内外部因素的关系，怎样把握契机采取适当的步骤？正在崛起的 中国该如何打消周边国家和世界主要大国对中国崛起的疑虑？德国统一对外界采 取的宣示和行为等，应该作为启示的一部分为我们所借鉴或习得。 关键词：民主德国；联邦德国；统一；影响 II II Abstracts At the beginning of the 1990s, the Democratic German and the Confederative German, as the forelands of Cold War, finally reunified. The countries with different social systems (ideologies) reunified rapidly and peacefully were peerless in the world and the reunification brought lots of profound influence. Therefore, it bears academic and realistic meanings to do a research on the topic of the reunification of German and the influence. This thesis includes such contents as the background and zigzag process of the unification, the influence of it as well. The reunification of German is based on the fact that German was divided after it was defeated in the Second World War. At the late period of 1940s, due to the ideological contradiction between America and the Soviet Union, the allied forces departed and later became opponents, thus the cold war came up. Then under the control of America, Britain and France, Confederative German, was set up. Later, the Soviet Union helped the establishment of the Democratic German. Thereafter, German was divided. Since the division, one of both countries’ important national policies was the standpoint to the reunification of German. However, it was not an easy work to reunify it because the division guaranteed t