课件：心房颤动抗凝治疗中国专家共识.pptVIP

* 内源性途径：12因子与带负电荷的异物表面接触后激活，12因子激活11因子，同时12 因子还能激活前激肽释放酶为激肽释放酶，后者可反过来激活12因子，形成一个正反馈效应。11因子在有Ca+作用下可激活9因子，9因子在钙离子作用与8因子在活化的血小板膜磷脂表面结合成复合物，可进一步激活10因子 外源性途径：当血管损坏时，组织细胞释放组织因子，与钙离子和7因子形成复合物，迅速激活10因子，同时还可激活9因子，使外源性途径与内源性途径相互联系，相互促进。 激活的10因子与5因子形成凝血酶原酶复合物，进一步是凝血酶原激活为凝血酶，凝血酶又可使使纤维蛋白原转变为纤维蛋白，最后纤维单位聚集就形成凝块， * 积分≥3分时提示“高危”，出血高危患者无论接受华法林还是阿司匹林治疗，均应谨慎，并在开始抗栓治疗之后定期复查 aHypertension’ is defined as systolic blood pressure .160 mmHg. ‘Abnormal kidney function’ is defined as the presence of chronic dialysis or renal transplantation or serum creatinine ≥200 mmol/L. ‘Abnormal liver function’ is defined as chronic hepatic disease (e.g. cirrhosis) or biochemical evidence of significant hepatic derangement (e.g. bilirubin胆红素 .2 x upper limit of normal, in association with转氨酶 aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase/alkaline phosphatase .3 x upper limit normal, etc.). ‘Bleeding’ refers to previous bleeding history and/or predisposition to bleeding, e.g. bleeding diathesis, anaemia, etc. ‘Labile INRs’ refers to unstable/high INRs or poor time in therapeutic range (e.g. ,60%). Drugs/alcohol use refers to concomitant use of drugs, such as antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or alcohol abuse, etc. * * * * Source: Turpie State of the art presentation EFORT-08 (rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran highlighted and all the others greyed out) Reference Weitz JI, Bates SM. New anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1843–1853 All of the drugs in the above figure are to be found in Weitz and Bates (2005) in Figure 2, apart from: Apixaban – this was called BMS-562247 in the original figure Betrixaban and YM150 – see Graham Turpie’s review paper: Turpie AGG. New oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2008;29:155–165 Otamixaban – Guertin KR, Choi YM. The discovery of the Factor Xa inhibitor otamixaban: from lead identification to clinical development. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:2471–2481 * * * * * * * * * * * G02-536 w_script.ppt * * * G02-536 w_script