论美国的平等权利修正案失败的根本原因-世界史专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 《平等权利修正案》这个旨在以法律形式赋予两性全面平等权利的法案一 经提出就引起极大的争论，并因未能获得四分之三州议会的批准而未能写入宪 法。这就意味着一直以民主国家自称的美国并没有在法律上承认男女平等这一现 代社会的基本准则。 本文简要介绍了平等权利修正案提出的历史背景，重点论述平等权利修正 案失败的原因。正文分三部分。 第一部分回顾了平等权利修正案提出的背景。通过对十九世纪美国妇女争 取权利的斗争，以及妇女选举权的胜利的分析，了解平等权利修正案》是如何 作为女权运动的纲领被提出的。 第二部分从三个方面系统的分析了《平等权利修正案》未能写入宪法的主 要原因：西方传统观念根深蒂固，美国宪法的修正程序使之困难重重，修正案引 发的妇女内部的分歧以及妇女运动策略失败。 第三部分阐述了修正案给美国社会带来的影响，最重要的是平等权利修正 案运动极大地促进了美国的民主。在此次运动的前后，几千条歧视妇女的法律被 废除。除此之外，它还客观的促进了妇女学的产生和发展。 关键词：平等权利修正案：原因；失败；影响 An An Analysis of the Equal Rights Amendment of America 一．The Root Causes of Un-ratification Abstract The Equal砌ghts Amendment,which aims to eliminate SeX discrimination un．der the law,has not been written into the Constitution of United States though it has been in existence for nearly 100 years and the American women have been丘ghting for its legality．That means the basic prindplc of equality between the two sexes has not been acknowledged constitutionally in America,which always claims having achieved democracy． This thesis introduces briefly the background of proposing ERA and m0Vcs tO the main part of the thesis．The thesis falls into three parts． Part I renews the background of proposing the Equal Rights Amendment．In this part,a clear clue of how American women began to demand SeX equality is presented through the study of the struggles for women’S right during the 19th century and the Victory for women suffrage． PartⅡthoroughly analyzes the reasolLs responsible for the皿-ratification of the ERA from three angles，the traditional values towards women,the amending process of U．S．Constitution,the conflict from within the women camp and the failure of women’S tactics． PartⅢdiscusses the influences of ERA ratification campaign On American society．The most practical effect iS that the amendment prompts American democracy． Thousands of laws which discriminate women were abolished during and after the ERA ratification campaign．Besides,a new research area,womc：ll study began to appear． The thesis not only giv鼯a comparati