胡壮麟英语语言学教案.docVIP

胡壮麟英语语言学教案 篇一：《语言学教程》胡壮麟 chapter7 language and society 英语语言学 Language and Society 语言与社会 Step 1: Introduction Step 2: Varieties of Language Step 3: Standard Dialect Step 4: Pidgin and Creole Step 5: Bilingualism and Diglossia Step 6: Summary Step 1: Introduction 1.1 Definition ? ---- a sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. 1.2 The relatedness between language and society 1). While language is principally used to communicate meaning, it is also used to establish and maintain social relationships. 2). Users of the same language in a sense all speak differently. The kind of language each of them chooses to use is in part determined by his social background. And language, in its turn, reveals information about its speaker. 3). To some extent, language, especially the structure of its lexicon, reflects both the physical and the social environments of a society. 4). As a social phenomenon, language is closely related to the structure of the society in which it is used, and the evaluation of a linguistic form is entirely social. 1.3 Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies Macro-sociolinguistics : look at society as a whole and consider how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations 1.4 Speech community and speech variety ? Speech community:a social group of people who share a language lack of communication in the old days loyalty to one#39;s native speech physical and psychological resistance to change eg：Taiwan Mandarin vs. Beijing Mandarin: Phonological differences Beijing Taiwan 是 Lexicon: Different words: English Beijing Taiwan “potato”土豆 馬鈴薯 “guava”番石榴 芭樂 Syntactic differences Beijing Taiwan Language and age In many communities the language used by the old generation differs from that