论没收财产刑-法律专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 没收财产是指由人民法院判处的将犯罪分子个人所有财产的一 部或全部强制无偿收归国有的一种刑罚方法。它源远流长，曾在封 建社会盛及一时，为世界各国J一为适用，到资本主义社会后，其适 用逐渐缩减。当今，仍保留有没收财产刑的国家已屈指可数了，在 这些国家中，人们对没收财产刑的存废也展开过激烈的争论，众说 纷纭，观点不一。本文通过对没收财产刑的价值进行分析，认为它 过分突出惩罚功能，缺少教育改造功能，又具有浓厚的政治否定色 彩与重刑主义色彩，故只宜在保护重大公共利益的需要时刁一予以慎 重适用。而我国在1997年刑法修改时不仅没有减少、反而扩大了 没收财产刑的适用范围，共有72个罪名规定可适用该附加刑，如 此广泛地规定没收财产刑的适用有悖于现代理性刑的构建。我国应 当对这些规定进行反思，借鉴他国作法，顺应时代潮流，根据本国 国情大幅度削减没收财产的适用规定，而代之以罚金。同时，没收 财产的裁量和执行是实现没收财产刑目的的关键，也不容忽视。目 前，我国没收财产刑在该两环节中仍有不少问题，亟待规范。 关键词：没收财产刑 价值评价立法比较 裁量与执行 AbstractThe Abstract The penalty of confiscation of property is a punishment imposed on the criminal by the court under which he shall be deprived of his partial or whole property．Widely applied through out the world in the feudal ages，this penalty has a long history；however,it was later adopted by fewer and fewer capitalist countries．Now countries reserving this penalty in their criminal laws are few,even in these countries，whether or not to retain such a penalty is still in issue．This paper,through an analysis of its value orientation，holds that this penalty should be applied only to protect vital public interests，because it emphasizes too much on the punitive function and too little on the educational function，it also has the coloring of strongly political negativeness and severe punishment．Unfortunately，in a contradiction with the construction of a modern rational punishment system，this penalty was not reduced but extended in application to 72 accusations in China’s revised criminal code of 1 997．This paper,after a careful examination of those provisions authorizing the imposition of this penalty and after taking the experience of other countries for reference， believes that such provisions should mostly be modified with this penalty replaced by the fine penalty．At the same time，it cannot be ignored discretion and execution of this penalty because they are the key to the implement of its purpose．There are still some defects which need to perfect in these two links in our country at present．