基于红外检测的智能交通信号灯系统设计任广禄.docVIP

基于红外检测的智能交通信号灯系统设计 作者：任广禄 摘 要 交通灯是现代交通非常重要的一个组成部分，一套好的交通灯系统往往对提升城市交通运输效率，降低事故发生率有至关重要的影响。 本系统由单片机系统、双电源供电系统、交通灯演示系统、中断系统组成。 选用单片机作为此次设计的控制系统主要是考虑到单片机的通用性和廉价性。通用性是指单片机的电路以及编辑语言相对比其他控制模块来说更加简单和通用，这个特点使得往后功能的添加以及系统的维护来说更加简便和易行。廉价性是单片机相对于其他的控制模块来说成本更低，一块成熟的 STC89C52的成本不过10元，加上其他的外围电路成本也不超过 100元，无论是开发成本和维护成本都能够得到很好的控制。本设计选用STC89C52主要也就是基于上述的两个原因。 本交通灯系统选用了LED灯和双位数码管来模拟显示交通灯切换状态。双电源供电系统采用的是主电源和后备电源供电的方案。双电源供电方案主要是为了应对市电突然掉电或者出现故障的情况，对于持续的保持整体系统的正常工作具有重要意义，其原理主要是利用二极管的向单向导电性所带来的开关功能来实现双电源瞬时的切换。中断系统所实现的功能是在有特定需要的情况下实现对交通灯状态的控制。这些状态包括全红灯和高低峰即时切换。 本系统除了实现最基本的交通灯功能以外，还可实现高低峰分时段控制方案以应对不同时段的不同交通状况，城市的交通早晚时段的流量往往能够达到最大，分时控制对于提高城市交通效率有非常重要的作用。 关键词：单片机；STC89C52；交通灯；分时系统；双电源 ABSTRACT The traffic light is an essential part of modern transportation. A reliable traffic light system plays a key role for improving urban transportation efficiency and lowering traffic accident odds. The system consists of SCM,duplicate power supply systenl , traffic light demonstration system and interruption system. Considering the universal property,it chooses single chip as the main control chip.Universal property means that circuit and programming language are easier and more common which rely on the single chip than that of other control chip.It is simpler and more convenient to add more functions and maintain the system.Inexpensive means that the single chip costs less than other control chip.A STC89C52 costs less than 10RMB.it costs less than 100RMB even pulsing peripheral circuits.In this way it can control the developing cost and maintenance cost.So,this system chooses STC89C52 as control chip . This system adopts a dual power supply system , just as the main and back -up power supply.Dual power supply scheme is mainly in response to a sudden power-down or mains failure situation . It is significant for holding the system work continually . The principle is to use one-way diode switch conductive feature to achieve dual power switching instantaneously. Interrupt system is to achieve the funct