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- 2019-05-25 发布于广东
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抗生素研究所 提要 指南发布背景; 关注点; 对主要药物评价与定位; MRSA去定植; 重申万古霉素剂量、TDM; 中美两国差异(细菌耐药性、药物供应); 抗生素研究所 Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009; 49:325–7 万古霉素肾毒性发生率随纯度提高大大减少 Rybak M, Lomaest o B,Rotschafer JC,et al. Therapeutic monitory of vancomycin in adult patients: A consensus review of the ASHP, IDSA and the SIDP.Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2009, 66:82-98. 林东昉、吴菊芳、张婴元等。利奈唑胺与万古霉素治疗革兰阳性菌感染的随机、双盲、对照、多中心临床试验。中国感染与化疗杂志2009,9(1):10-17 Stevens D.L. Herr D, Lampiris H,et al.Linezolid versus Vancomycin for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2002, 34:1481–90 Abad F, CalboF, Zapater P,et al. Comparative pharmacoeconomic study of vancomycin and teicoplanin in intensive care patients.International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ,2000,15:65–71 Downs NJ, Robert E. Neihart, MD, Jeanette M. Dolezal,et al.Mild Nephrotoxicity Associated With Vancomycin Use. Sorrell TC, Collignon PJ.A prospective study of adverse reactions associated with vancomycin therapy.J Antimicrob Chemother. 1985 Aug,16(2):235-41. Farbert BF,Moellering RC,Retrospective Study of the Toxicity of Preparations of Vancomycin from 1974 to 1981, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1983,23(1):138-141 Levine DP. Vancomycin:A History. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2006, 42:S5-12 抗生素研究所 治疗药物监测(TDM) 监测血清谷浓度监测给药剂量最准确、实用; 应在达到稳态后采集标本(第4-5次给药前) ; 并非所有患者需要血药浓度监测; 监测谷浓度对象: 肾功能损害; 肥胖; 表观分布容积波动; 万古霉素杀菌活性优于利奈唑胺 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 小时 对照组 利奈唑胺 万古霉素 MRSA 细菌数量变化 Log10 CFU/g LaPlante KL, et al. Impact of High-Inoculum Staphylococcus aureus on the Activities of Nafcillin, Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Daptomycin, Alone and in Combination with Gentamicin, in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2004; 48(12):4665-4672. 对于MRSA感染,万古霉素的杀菌作用维持32小时, 而利奈唑胺始终只能起到抑制细菌的作用 抗生素研究所 给药方案 万古霉素剂量应根据实际体重计算; 建议剂量每次15–20 mg/kg(不超过2g),q8–12 hr,以达到理想的血药浓度; 危重患者为快速达目标浓度,可采用负荷剂量25–30 mg/kg(根据实际体重计算,滴注时间>2h以避免红人综合征); 复杂感染(BSI、IE、骨髓炎、脑膜炎和HAP)谷浓度保持在
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