《轻松跨越英语极限》.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 53 LESSON FIVE 四种完成进行时态与时态复习与被动语态 导言 在学习了进行时态和完成时态之后，我们就很容易理解 完成进行时态。它既有完成时的态─过去发生的动作一直持 续到说话时的含义，又有进行态─--给人以生动的画面感， 使语气更强的意义。也就是说它们是完成与进行两种“态” 的结合。 ▲ 完成进行时态的构成 现在完成进行时态 have (has) been doing 过去完成进行时态 had been doing 将来完成进行时态 will have been doing 过去将来完成进行时态 would have been doing 在学习完成时态时，我们已经了解完成时态有两种用法。 过去的动作对说话时产生的影响。 过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时。 完成进行时态只具备完成时态的第2种用法，即过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时，并加入进行时给人的画面感，使语气更强。下面通过完成进行时态与完成时态的比较加以说明。 ▲ 现在完成进行时态 ● My teacher has been working on that subject the last two years. ● My teacher has worked on that subject the last two years. 这两年我的老师一直在研究那个课题。 第一句与第二句除了在持续性上相同外，还多了一种画面感，好像能够看到那位老师埋头工作的情景，所以语气更强。但用汉语很难译出两个句子的区别。 ● I have been waiting for you. I have waited for you. 第一句给人的感觉比第二句更亲切，好像能够看到说话人等待的样子。 ▲ 过去完成进行时态 ● He was tired. He had been working all day. ● He was tired. He had worked all day. 他累了。他干了一整天。 第一句由于有进行时态的画面感，给人的感觉要比第二句给人的感觉更“辛苦”些。 ▲ 将来完成进行时态 ● Mr. Smith will have been living in China for exactly twenty years in another month’s time. ● Mr. Smith will have lived in China for twenty years in another month’s time. 再过一个月，史密斯先生在中国就整整住了二十年了。 第一句语气要比第二句强，更能给人一种史密斯在中国住了很长时间的感觉。 ▲ 过去将来完成进行时态 ● He said that by the end of this year he would have been studying English for three years. ● He said that by the end of this year he had studied English for three years. 注：第一句想要给对方一种他学了很长时间英语的感觉。第二句则比较平淡。 被动语态 被动语态是动词的一种形式，只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态，它所强调的，不是动作的发出者，而是动作的接受者，在掌握了时态以后，学习被动语态并不难，重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式，我们在后面为大家列的表格，请大家熟记。 The policeman arrested the thief. The thief was arrested (by the policeman). 注：如果没有必要强调动作的发出者，我们可以把by the policeman省略。 ● The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways. This sentence can be translated in different ways. ▲ 被动语态表 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am is done are being doneam being done is are been donehave been done has 过去 donewas done were being donewas being done were had been done 将来 be doneshall be done will shall have been will done 过去将来 be doneshould be done would should