轮机英语课件lesson.pptVIP

The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites(点燃) the fuel by injecting(喷射) it into hot, high pressure air in a combustion chamber(燃烧室). The marine diesel engine is a type of diesel engine used on ships. The principle of its operation is as follows: When the air is compressed, its temperature rises so that it ignites the fine(细小的) spray(喷雾、油雾) of fuel injected into the cylinder. In a four-stroke diesel engine, the cycle requires four separate strokes of the piston, i.e. suction(吸气), compression(压缩), expansion(膨胀) and exhaust(排气). The exhaust ports are uncovered also. Pressurized fresh air charges into the cylinder, blowing out any residual(残留的、剩余的) exhaust gases from the last stroke through the exhaust ports. The fuel injector(喷油器、喷油嘴) injects a fine spray of fuel into the hot air and combustion takes place, producing much higher pressure in the gases. Inefficient scavenging and other losses, however, reduce the power advantage to about 1.8. At this low speed the engine requires no reduction gearbox between it and propeller. It is usual to draw such diagrams starting at TDC (firing), but the explanation will start at TDC (scavenge ). Top dead center is sometimes referred to as (被称为…) inner dead center (IDC). If the engine is naturally aspirated(自然吸气), or is a small high-speed type with a centrifugal turbocharger(离心式涡轮增压器), the period of valve overlap, i.e. when both valves are open, will be short, and the exhaust valve will close some(about) 10°after top dead center (ATDC). will be designed to allow a generous(充分的) throughflow of scavenge air(横流扫气)at this point in order to control the turbine blade temperature. To maximize this, balancing the reduced opening as the valve seats against the slight ram(进气阀座) or inertia effect of the incoming charge, the inlet (suction) valve will normally be held open until about 25- 35° ABDC (145-155°BTDC). the fuel burns over a period of 30-50°while the piston begins to descend on the expansion s