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PAGE PAGE 10 with. They deal with specific OHS issues in greater detail than that given in the Act itself. For example, issues such as manual handling, first aid, accident notification and asbestos are covered by regulations. These regulations can be divided into four types: Technical requirements These specify the exact nature and extent of the physical protection to be provided against certain hazards or their consequences. They focus on the ‘hardware’ used in workplaces. Examples are the content of first aid kits and the guarding for certain plant and machinery. Exposure limits These are limits placed on the level of acceptable exposure to certain measurable hazards. They are usually confined to noise and hazardous substances, such as asbestos and vinyl chloride. Process requirements These relate to the processes to be followed in managing nominated hazards. They are used for the management of hazards whose risks are not easily measurable, such as manual handling and working in confined spaces. Documentation requirements These are requirements to document compliance with particular standards. They also include the requirement to report serious accidents or potentially serious incidents to the OHS agencies. Standards These are technical documents that outline minimum standards in order to enhance product quality and efficiency. There are standards to cover many aspects of a business, including work processes, hazards and product. In relation to OHS, there are two main sources of standards and they are: Standards Australia – this is a private company with a 条款进一步细化了职业健康与安全 法中的具体条例，例如像人工装卸、 急救、事故通知和石棉使用等条例 在此法规中都有所体现。这些法规 可以分为以下四种类型： 1. 技术要求 技术要求将应对危险源及其后果的 保护措施及保护范围具体化。重点 在于工作场所的硬件设施的配备要 求。例如急救包里所需的物品，厂 区及机器的防护装置等。 2. 接触时间限值 有些危险源的危害程度可测，对于 这些危险源可设定合理安全的接触 时间限值。这类危险源通常包括噪 音，石棉、氯乙烯等有害物质。 3. 工艺要求 工艺要求与施工过程中存在风险管 理有关。通常这些工艺要求都用于 对危险源的管理，但事实上很难测 定这些危险源（例如人工装卸以及 禁区作业等）的危害程度。 4. 文件要求 文件须符合特定的标准。文件要求 也包括向职业安全与健康委员会上 报重大事故或上报存在潜在危险的 事件。 标准 这些技术文件列出了提高产品质量 和生产效率的最低