肠道菌群与慢性病.ppt

* With molecular profiling and covariation analysis, we can assess and monitor human health with whole-body systems perspective. 人体系统生物学就是通过对尿液、粪便和血液中的代谢物、细菌和蛋白质的组成进行“全谱测定”来精细把握人体的健康状况的。这与西方工程学界通过监控发动机的振动、噪声和尾气等特性监测发动机的健康状况，即结构健康监测structural health monitoring是一样的。从哲学观和方法论的角度看，人体系统生物学与中医药学也是相容的。 * * 而在克隆病人中，（克隆病是一种好发于大肠部位的肠道炎症）在健康人体可以看到的厚厚的粘膜层消失了，取而代之的是有害菌如脆弱拟杆菌和肠道的直接接触。在这类病人中胃肠道微生态往往是病态的，益生菌的保护作用消失，就看到有害菌直接侵入肠内，损害人体健康。 * As an essential component of the metabolic syndrome, obesity is the most important risk factor for metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain type of cancers. * Jeff Gordon group has made significant contribution in understanding the role of gut microbiota in adiposity development. * It is now a common view that chronic inflammation is a crucial underlying condition of aging process and many age-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and atherosclerosis Fig 4.36 The gram-negative cell wall. Note that although the outer membrane is often called the second lipid bilayer, the chemistry and architecture of this layer differs in many ways from that of the cytoplasmic membrane. (a) Arrangement of lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, phospholipid, porins, and lipoprotein in the outer membrane. See Figure 4.35 for details of the structure of LPS. Lipid A can be toxic in humans, and if so, is referred to as endotoxin (Section 21.12). (b) Molecular model of porin proteins. Note the three pores present, one formed from each of the proteins forming a porin molecule. The view is perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. Model based on X-ray diffraction studies of Rhodobacter blasticus porin. * Since 2007, Cani and others published a series of papers supporting a new hypothesis on possible role of gut microbiota in the development of the chronic inflammation associated with the metabolic syndrome. In the early 1990s, American scientist constructed Interesting Knockout mice having their Apolipoprotien A-1 gene inac