论劳动关系中利益平衡的法律机制-经济法学专业论文.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 利益代表了客体对主体需求的一种满足。利益的平衡是社会关系和谐稳定的重要条件。平 衡劳动关系主体之间的利益，是创建和谐劳动关系的重要手段。利益平衡是社会发展的必然需 求，也是哲学发展到一定阶段的必然产物，更是和谐劳动关系的应有之意。 我国现有的劳动关系处于利益失衡的状态。劳动关系中的利益失衡给社会的和谐、经济的 发展、国家的安全埋下了隐患。这种利益失衡的状况是事出有因的：首先，劳动者和用人单位 之间的力量先天不平衡，强资本、弱劳工使得劳动者处于弱势地位；其次，我国劳动力市场现 处于并且将长期处于供大于求的状态，“买方市场”的性质决定了劳动者在面对用人单位的时候 缺乏博弈能力；最终，工会职能缺失、用人单位甚至缺乏能代表自身利益的社会团体、国家公 权力干预的缺位或者越位都造成了利益失衡的状况。 为弥补现有制度的不足，平衡劳动关系主体间的利益，首先要明确劳动立法的基调，就是 倾向保护劳动者的利益、兼顾保护用人单位的利益。这种保护可以通过强化工会职能、建立属 于用人单位的社会团体、加强劳动行政管理部门的执行力来实现。在具体制度中，利益平衡也 应当得到体现。在无固定期限劳动合同制度中，利益平衡可以体现为平衡劳动者工作的稳定性 和用人单位解雇权。在违约金制度的规定中，可以体现为维护主体的意思自治和限制主体的权 利滥用的平衡。在竞业限制制度中，利益平衡可以体现为平衡劳动者的自由择业权和用人单位 维护商业秘密的权利。在劳务派遣制度的适用制度当中，应当注意用人单位用工的灵活性与劳 动者权益保护的平衡。 关键词：劳动关系；利益平衡；劳动合同法；劳动法；法律机制 i ii ii 论劳动关系中利益平衡的法律机制 Abstract Interests represent the need of the object to satisfy the main body. The balance of interests is the necessary premise for the orderly running of the harmonious society. It is a useful mean to balance the interests between the employees and employers. Interests balance is the necessary premise of social development; it is also the inevitable outcome of philosophy. Furthermore, it is supposed to be the intension of harmonious labor relations. Nowadays, the labor relation is imbalance. The interests of employees are lack of protection. For the influence of economic crisis, the increased cost makes the breakup of enterprises, even some of them move to countries or regions where there are low-cost employees. The imbalance in labor relation is a potential safety hazard to the harmonious society. There are many reasons can be used to explain the situation. Firstly, the difference between strong capital and weak employees makes employees weak. Secondly, the human resources market of China is buyer’s market, where the offer of human resources is far larger than the need of enterprises and the situation will last for a long time. The situation of buyer’s market makes employees lack bargaining power. At the same time, the union of employees and employe