论洋务派的科学观-科学技术哲学专业论文.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 摘要 洋务派对近代科学技术的认识有三个层面，即器物科学观、知识科学观和教 育科学观。西方文化的器物层的优越性比较容易使国人认识到，尤其在列强用坚 船利炮轰开了中国的大门的情势下更是如此。因此，洋务派在当时的情势下，首 先认识到的是科学技术的器物层。认为，西方的科学技术只不过是“坚船利炮”。 但随着洋务事业的发展，洋务派逐渐认识到知识是机械的基础，仅学习西方的制 器技术，只是皮毛，在制器的背后有着系统的科学知识。要精于制器，必须系统 地学习西方的科学技术知识，于是洋务派大兴新式学堂，翻译西方的科学著作， 派遣留学生到欧美学习近代科学技术，形成了洋务派的知识科学观。随着洋务事 业的发展，缺乏掌握近代科学技术知识的人才是制约其发展的瓶颈，洋务派逐渐 认识到造就掌握近代科学技术人才的重要性，而人才靠近代教育培养，因此洋务 派大声疾呼兴办新式学堂，变通科举，派遣留学生置身于欧风美雨之中，形成了 教育科学观。洋务派科学观的几个方面是相互联系，逐层推进的。其局限性在于 对科学技术的工具性理解。对洋务派科学观的三个层面作系统的研究，旨在使 21 世纪的国人全面了解洋务派的科学观，树立起自己正确的科学观，而不是对 科学技术作急功近利的工具性理解。洋务派在当时已理解知识是机械的基础，因 而要系统地学习科学技术知识。本文运用逻辑和历史相统一的方法进行研究。 关键词：洋务派，科学观，器物，知识，教育 i 论洋务派的科学观 论洋务派的科学观 Abstract Westernization Group’s understanding of modern science and technology has three aspects, namely implements scientific view , knowledge scientific view and education scientific view. The superiority of layer of implements of western culture is apter to make compatriots realize, especially under the circumstances that big powers open the gate of China with the favourable weapons. So, Westernization Group realizes the implements layer of the science and technology at first under the situation at that time, regarding western science and technology as nothing but hard ship and sharp big gun . But with the development of Westernization Movement, Westernization Group realizes gradually that knowledge is a mechanical foundation, only studying westerners’ making device technology is superficial, and the scientific knowledge with the system is behind making device . It must study western scientific and technical knowledge systematically to be good at making device, then Westernization Group goes in for the new-type school in a big way, translates the western scientific works, sends students to America and Europe to study modern science and technology, having formed scientific view of knowledge . With the development of Westernization Movement undertaking , they realize that lacking talents who master modern scientific and techni