论我国特留份制度之立法构建民商法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 遗嘱自由是民法的意思自治原则在继承法领域内的贯彻和体现，但是遗嘱自由并不 是绝对的自由，正如卢梭在《社会契约论》中说的那样；“人是生而自由的，却无往不 在枷锁之中。”因此综观大陆法系各国继承法，都对遗嘱自由进行了必要的限制，即使 是对自由推崇备至的英美法系国家，也对遗嘱自由进行了一定的限制。而特留份制度就 是两大法系许多国家限制遗嘱自由的主要措施。作为一种衡平的艺术，特留份制度是限 制遗嘱自由的典范。而我国现行《继承法》在立法当初没有规定特留份制度，而是根据 当时的国情和历史原因规定了必留份制度，通过必留份制度来限制遗嘱自由。因立法技 术的落后、立法内容的缺失、社会生活的发展变化，必留份制度明显已经无法满足社会 生活的需求。因此，我国亟待建立特留份制度。 本文从特留份的概念、特征、性质、源起和理论基础等基本理论问题入手，比较分 析了两大法系主要代表国家的特留份制度，接着，剖析了我国必留份制度的优缺点，分 析了我国必留份制度的立法背景，并指出立法背景的重大变化，在此基础上，比较评析 了国外特留份制度和我国的必留份制度，论述了我国建立特留份制度的现实意义，最后， 结合我国国情，在借鉴国外立法和国内学者观点的基础上，对我国特留份制度的建立提 出了自己的构想。 关键字 继承法 遗嘱自由 特留份 必留份 II II Abstract Abstract Testament freedom is the principle of autonomy of the civil law in inheritance law Embody. But the freedom of testament is not absolute freedom. As in “The Social Contract”, Rousseau said: “Man is born free, but always in chains.” So throughout the continental law system countries’ inheritance law, all imposes necessarily restrictions on freedom of testament. Even the Anglo-American law system countries where advocate freedom supremely also carry on the certain limits to testament freedom. Specific Reservation System is main measures to restrict the freedom of the testament in many countries of the two big legal systems. As a Chancery art, Specific Reservation System is a model to restrict the freedom of the testament. Our current inheritance law has no provisions of Specific Reservation System, but formulates Necessary Share System according to national conditions and historical reasons. Through Necessary Share System limits testament freedom. Due to the legislative technique backwardness, lack of legislative content, the development and changes of the social life, Necessary Share System obvious has been unable to meet the demand of social life. Therefore, it is urgent to establish our country’s Specific Reservation System. This paper starts from the basic theory of Specific Reservation concept, characteristics, the nature, the origins and theoretical foundation, comparatively analyze