英汉翻译(4)翻译单位与语篇分析.pptVIP

Unit Four Translation Unit and Discourse Analysis 翻译单位与语篇分析 Definition of translation unit: Many translation theorists defined the unit of translation in their own ways. For instance, Vinay and Darbelnet define the unit of translation as “the smallest segment of an utterance whose cohesion of signs is such that they must not be separately translated”. In other words, the translation unit is the minimal stretch of language that has to be translated together, as one unit. According to Peter Newmark, the argument about the length of the UT, which has been put succinctly by W. Haas, “as short as is possible, as long as is necessary”, is a concrete reflection of the age-old conflict between free and literal translation, the freer the translation, the longer the UT; the more literal the translation, the shorter the UT, the closer to the word, or, in poetry, even to the morpheme. Free translation has always favored the sentence; literal translation the word. Now, since the rise of text linguistics, free translation has moved from the sentence to the whole text. Taking the sentence as UT 1）Prose of its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues peculiar to it manifest themselves gradually. 散文就其本质而言，比韵文篇幅长，因而其特有的品质是逐渐表现出来的。 2）If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is justice; and, whereas love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a control even of the noblest passions. 如果说诗歌的首要品质是爱，散文的首要品质是公正；爱使你因一时冲动而采取行动，表达自己，但要做到公正则需要调查，需要耐心，需要控制激情，即使这种激情是最崇高的。 3）By justice here I do not mean justice only to particular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquillized and a form moulded by that habit. 说起公正，我不是指针对具特殊人们或具体想法的公正，而是指在思想的全过程中的一种公正的习惯，一种由此习惯所形成的沉静的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。 4）Of the fruits of the year I give my vote to the orange. 一年四季的水果中，我最推崇柑橘。 5）Nature contains the elements, in color and form, of all pictures, as the keyboard contains the notes of all